Structural Learning in a Visuomotor Adaptation Task Is Explicitly Accessible.
Structural Learning in a Visuomotor Adaptation Task Is Explicitly Accessible.
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明确访问视觉运动适应任务中的结构学习。
DOI：
10.1523/eneuro.0122-17.2017
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发表时间：
2017-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Taylor JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bond KM;Taylor JA
结构学习是一种现象，其特征是在一个新的情况下更快地学习，这与以前经历的情况具有相同的特征。在感觉运动领域的一个突出的例子是，人类参与者更快地反击一个新的旋转与一组可变的视觉旋转的经验。这种形式的学习被认为是通过内部前向模型的更新而隐含地发生的，该模型预测了运动命令的感官后果。然而，最近的研究表明，大部分旋转学习是通过一个明确的可访问的过程发生的，例如运动重新瞄准。我们试图确定视觉旋转任务中的结构学习是否是纯粹的内隐学习（例如，由内部模型驱动）或显式可访问（即，重新瞄准）。我们发现，参与者表现出结构性学习：在接受一组可变旋转训练后，他们更快地学会了一种新的旋转。这种好处完全是由明确的重新瞄准运动所带来的。内隐学习几乎没有贡献。接下来，我们研究了这种学习益处的特异性，方法是将参与者暴露于一种新的扰动，这种扰动来自与他们先前经验一致或不一致的统计结构。我们发现，经历了一致的培训和测试阶段结构（即，轮换）比接受不一致培训和测试阶段结构的参与者学得更快（即，旋转增益）和对照组。这些结果表明，在视觉旋转任务的结构学习是特定于以前经历的统计结构，并通过明确的运动重新瞄准表示。
Structural learning is a phenomenon characterized by faster learning in a new situation that shares features of previously experienced situations. One prominent example within the sensorimotor domain is that human participants are faster to counter a novel rotation following experience with a set of variable visuomotor rotations. This form of learning is thought to occur implicitly through the updating of an internal forward model, which predicts the sensory consequences of motor commands. However, recent work has shown that much of rotation learning occurs through an explicitly accessible process, such as movement re-aiming. We sought to determine if structural learning in a visuomotor rotation task is purely implicit (e.g., driven by an internal model) or explicitly accessible (i.e., re-aiming). We found that participants exhibited structural learning: following training with a variable set of rotations, they more quickly learned a novel rotation. This benefit was entirely conferred by the explicit re-aiming of movements. Implicit learning offered little to no contribution. Next, we investigated the specificity of this learning benefit by exposing participants to a novel perturbation drawn from a statistical structure either congruent or incongruent with their prior experience. We found that participants who experienced congruent training and test phase structure (i.e., rotations to rotation) learned more quickly than participants exposed to incongruent training and test phase structure (i.e., gains to rotation) and a control group. These results suggest that structural learning in a visuomotor rotation task is specific to previously experienced statistical structure and expressed via explicit re-aiming of movements.