Insights from long-term studies in the Windermere catchment: external stressors, internal interactions and the structure and function of lake ecosystems
Insights from long-term studies in the Windermere catchment: external stressors, internal interactions and the structure and function of lake ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02718.x
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Elliott, J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maberly, S. C.;Elliott, J. A.
1.湖泊提供人类赖以生存的基本生态系统货物和服务，是许多全球生物地球化学循环的组成部分，但对全球、区域和地方各级的环境扰动很敏感，其中许多扰动是由人类影响造成的。控制湖泊生物结构和生态功能的外部压力和内部相互作用的复杂网络需要一种“系统方法”，即研究不同的营养水平，并采取包括长期监测在内的不同方法。3.这期特刊庆祝了对英国湖区温德米尔集水区湖泊的长期监测和研究所获得的生态见解。这项研究由淡水生物协会于20世纪30年代开始，自1989年以来一直由生态与水文中心继续进行，以产生一个有价值的记录，记录湖泊对65年来不断变化的条件的反应。4.我们介绍了一个概念图的湖泊响应和反馈的层次结构的条件下，在不同的尺度和相互作用的湖泊，并说明它使用的贡献，在文献和这个特殊的问题。5.在经济紧缩时期，长期监测往往受到威胁，但作为研究方案的一部分继续进行监测是一项关键活动，可以产生机械性的理解和见解，以及产生和验证模型的数据，从而预测未来的反应。这些科学学科协同作用，帮助我们了解整个系统，保护湖泊提供的生态系统服务。
1. Lakes provide essential ecosystem goods and services on which humans depend, and are integral to many global biogeochemical cycles, yet are sensitive to environmental perturbation operating at global, regional and local scales, many resulting from human influence.2. The complex web of external stressors and internal interactions that control the biological structure and ecological function of lakes requires a ` systems approach', where different trophic levels are studied and different approaches including long-term monitoring are taken. 3. This Special Issue celebrates the ecological insights that have been gained from long-term monitoring and research on the lakes in the catchment of Windermere in the English Lake District. The research was started by the Freshwater Biological Association in the 1930s and has been continued by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology since 1989 to produce a valuable record of lake response to changing conditions extending over 65 years. 4. We introduce a conceptual diagram of lake response and feedbacks to a hierarchy of conditions at different scales and interactions within the lake and illustrate it using the contributions of papers in the literature and this Special Issue. 5. Long-term monitoring is often threatened at times of economic austerity, yet its continuation as part of a programme of research is a key activity that can produce mechanistic understanding and insights, and data to produce and validate models, and hence forecast future responses. These scientific disciplines interact synergistically to help us understand the whole system and safeguard the ecosystem services provided by lakes.