Vertical displacement rates in the Upper Rhine Graben area derived from precise leveling
Vertical displacement rates in the Upper Rhine Graben area derived from precise leveling
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DOI：
10.1007/s00190-014-0721-0
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
T. Fuhrmann;M. Westerhaus;K. Zippelt;B. Heck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Fuhrmann;M. Westerhaus;K. Zippelt;B. Heck
利用多次水准测量资料，研究了位于德国、法国和瑞士三国交界地区的上莱茵河地堑（URG）的近期垂直位移场。我们通过对德国、法国和瑞士测量机构测量的40，000多个高差应用运动学网络平差来估计水准基准点的垂直位移率。在URG地区调整费率的最佳解决方案的重点也使用历史数据（1900年之前测量），大大增加了可用测量的时间跨度和三个国家之间的跨国连接的数量。为了解释数据库中明显的不均匀性，我们在调整过程中应用迭代方差分量估计，特别是揭示了估计速率准确性的更现实的信息。在我们的分析中，一个特别的重点是放在统计检验的观测和模型相关的误差在基准与非线性运动的粗差。由于一些估计的垂直速率与相邻基准的垂直速率相比表现显著不同，因此在调整过程之后应用离群值的过滤。由此得到的南北方向280 km和东西方向230 km区域的线性高度变化图提供了对URG和邻近区域最近垂直位移的详细了解。在研究区域的德国部分，首次有可能始终将地堑内部的平均沉降速率限制在0.5 mm/a（0.2 mm/a）。黑森林除了构造位移外，一些人为引起的地表运动，例如，石油和地下水开采引起的，观察和讨论。
The recent vertical displacement field of the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) located in the tri-national region between Germany, France and Switzerland is investigated using repeatedly measured leveling data. We estimate vertical displacement rates at leveling benchmarks by applying a kinematic network adjustment on more than 40,000 height differences measured by German, French and Swiss surveying agencies. Focusing on an optimal solution for the adjusted rates in the URG area also historical data (measured before 1900) are used, significantly increasing the time span of available measurements and the number of transnational connections between the three countries. To account for inhomogeneities apparent in the database, we apply an iterative variance component estimation within the adjustment procedure, particularly revealing more realistic information on the accuracy of the estimated rates. A special focus within our analysis is put on the statistical testing of gross errors in the observations and model-related errors at benchmarks with non-linear movement. As some of the estimated vertical rates behave significantly different compared to the vertical rates of adjacent benchmarks, a filtering of outliers is applied after the adjustment procedure. The resulting map of linear height changes in an area of 280 km in N–S and 230 km in E–W direction provides detailed insight into the recent vertical displacements of the URG and neighboring regions. In the German part of the study area, it was possible for the first time to consistently constrain an average subsidence rate of 0.5 mm/a (0.2 mm/a) of the Graben interior w.r.t. the Black Forest. In addition to the tectonic displacements, some man-induced surface movements, e.g., caused by oil and groundwater extraction, are observed and discussed.