Mismatch distribution of population and industry in China: Pattern, problems and driving factors
Mismatch distribution of population and industry in China: Pattern, problems and driving factors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.05.021
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Su, Hongjian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guan, Xingliang;Wei, Houkai;Su, Hongjian
人口和产业的空间集聚是一种世界性的经济现象。一个国家的人口和产业在空间集聚上能否协同匹配，将对该国的社会经济效率、区域协调发展乃至综合竞争力产生重大影响。本文基于地理信息技术和多源数据，分析了改革开放以来中国人口和产业空间分布过程的现状及其引发的问题，探讨了其驱动因素，并探讨了政策含义。研究结果表明，人口和产业向东部地区集聚是20世纪80年代经济改革以来城市化进程中的必然历史现象。但人口与产业空间集聚的规模和速度未能协调，导致了一系列突出问题，一是数亿"两栖迁徙"型农民工的迁移，二是能源和大宗商品的跨区域输送，三是都市圈资源环境压力巨大，四是不稳定因素和社会矛盾日益激化。究其原因，一是我国自然条件和资源禀赋的区域差异，二是国家发展战略的东向导向，三是资源和要素的空间集聚效应和规模效应，四是东部地区与内部地区发展和收入差距明显，五是严格的城乡二元户籍制度，城市化地区的住房和生活成本越来越高。构建高效、均衡、安全的城市化空间格局，实质是实现全国区域内、区域间的协调发展。该研究强调，中国政府应致力于实施合适的发展政策，不仅促进人民的富裕，而且突出地区的繁荣。并提出了几种可供选择的解决方案和措施，以期对我国城市化空间布局的优化有所帮助。
The spatial agglomeration of population and industry is a worldwide economic phenomenon. Whether a country's population and industries be synergistically and matched agglomerated in space would significantly affect its socio-economic efficiency, coordinated regional development and even comprehensive competitiveness. Based on geographic information technology and multi-source data, this paper attempts to analyze the situation on the spatial distributed process of China's population and industry since the reform and opening-up and its resulting problems, investigate the driving factors, and finally examine the policy implications. The results indicate that population and industry agglomerated in the eastern region was an inevitably historical phenomenon during the urbanization process since economic reform in 1980s. The scale and speed of the spatial agglomeration of population and industry, however failed to be coordinated, resulting in a series of prominent problems including i) migration of hundreds of millions of "amphibious migratory" type peasant workers, ii) cross-regional conveying of energy and bulk commodities, iii) tremendous pressure on resources and environment in the metropolitan areas, and iv) increasingly intensified unstable factors and social contradictions. The reason for the phenomenon and problems might be attributed to i) regional differences in natural conditions and resources endowment of the country, ii) eastern-oriented national development strategy, iii) spatial agglomeration effect and scale effect of resources and elements, iv) obvious development and income gaps between the eastern and the inner regions, v) strict urban-rural dual household registration system, and vi) increasingly high cost of housing and livelihood of the urbanization area. The essence to establish an efficient, balanced and safe spatial pattern of urbanization is to realize an intra- and inter-regional harmonious development across the country. The study emphasizes that the Chinese government should devote itself to implementing suitable development policies to not only enhance people's prosperity, but also highlight the region's prosperity. Several alternative solutions and measures are also discussed, which may be helpful for the country to optimize the spatial layout of urbanization.