Risk averse reproduction numbers improve resurgence detection

Risk averse reproduction numbers improve resurgence detection
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规避风险的繁殖数量可改善复苏检测

DOI:
10.1101/2022.08.31.22279450
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
--
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Parag K
Parag K
中科院分区:
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作者:
Parag K

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有效再生产数R是推断传染病传播和干预措施有效性的重要统计量,它提供了一个易于解释的阈值,用于推断传染病的流行趋势是增长(R>1)还是下降(R<1)。我们认为,这种解释可能是误导和统计上过于自信时,应用于从群体积累的感染具有异质性的动态。这些群体可按地理、传染性或社会人口因素划分。在这些设置中,Reimplicitly通过循环感染的数量来衡量群体的动态。我们发现,这种加权可能会导致延迟检测疫情的复苏和过早的信号流行病控制,因为它低估了高传染性群体的风险。应用E-最优实验设计理论,我们开发了一个加权算法来最小化这些问题,得到风险厌恶的再生数E。使用模拟,分析方法和在城市和地区层面分层的真实世界COVID-19数据,我们表明E有意义地总结了跨群体的传播动态,平衡了平均基础R的偏差与直接使用当地群体估计的方差。E> 1会产生及时的复苏信号(增加危险群体的权重),而E <1则可确保局部疫情得到控制。我们提出Eas作为R的替代方案,用于在大规模上通知政策和评估可传播性(例如,全州或全国),其中R通常被计算,但混合良好或同质性假设被打破。
Theeffective reproduction number Ris a prominent statistic for inferring the transmissibility of infectious diseases and effectiveness of interventions.Rpurportedly provides an easy-to-interpret threshold for deducing whether an epidemic will grow (R>1) or decline (R<1). We posit that this interpretation can be misleading and statistically overconfident when applied to infections accumulated from groups featuring heterogeneous dynamics. These groups may be delineated by geography, infectiousness or sociodemographic factors. In these settings,Rimplicitly weights the dynamics of the groups by their number of circulating infections. We find that this weighting can cause delayed detection of outbreak resurgence and premature signalling of epidemic control because it underrepresents the risks from highly transmissible groups. ApplyingE-optimalexperimental design theory, we develop a weighting algorithm to minimise these issues, yielding therisk averse reproduction number E. Using simulations, analytic approaches and real-world COVID-19 data stratified at the city and district level, we show thatEmeaningfully summarises transmission dynamics across groups, balancing bias from the averaging underlyingRwith variance from directly using local group estimates. AnE>1generates timely resurgence signals (upweighting risky groups), while anE<1ensures local outbreaks are under control. We proposeEas an alternative toRfor informing policy and assessing transmissibility at large scales (e.g., state-wide or nationally), whereRis commonly computed but well-mixed or homogeneity assumptions break down.
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