Exosomes in liver pathology.
Exosomes in liver pathology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.004
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
25.7
通讯作者：
Alpini G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sato K;Meng F;Glaser S;Alpini G
外泌体是由各种类型的细胞释放到生物体液中的小型（~100 nm）膜结合细胞外囊泡。它们含有蛋白质、mRNA 和 miRNA 作为货物。不同的细胞类型可以通过内吞作用吸收外泌体，并且其中包含的货物可以水平转移到这些受体细胞中。外泌体蛋白和 miRNA 可以发挥功能并调节生理细胞事件，从而改变靶细胞的微环境，这是肝脏病理学的关键事件。外泌体介导的细胞间通讯可以改变肿瘤生长、细胞迁移、抗病毒感染和肝细胞再生，表明外泌体作为诊断或治疗工具具有巨大的发展潜力。对循环总或外泌体 miRNA 的分析已经鉴定出大量在肝脏疾病中受到调节的候选 miRNA，并且使用单个或多个 miRNA 的诊断测试显示出良好的敏感性和特异性。一些候选 miRNA 已被确定在各种肝脏疾病中发挥重要作用。本综述总结了细胞外囊泡在肝脏疾病中的作用及其诊断和治疗潜力的最新发现，主要关注外泌体，但也包括肝脏病理学中的微泡。
Exosomes are small (~100 nm) membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by various types of cells into biological fluids. They contain proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs as cargo. Different cell types can take up exosomes by endocytosis and the cargo contained within them can be transferred horizontally to these recipient cells. Exosomal proteins and miRNAs can be functional and regulate physiological cell events modifying the microenvironment in target cells, a key event of liver pathology. Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication can alter tumor growth, cell migration, anti-viral infection and hepatocyte regeneration, indicating that exosomes have great potential development as diagnostic or therapeutic tools. Analyses of circulating total or exosomal miRNAs have identified a large number of candidate miRNAs that are regulated in liver diseases, and the diagnostic testing using single or multiple miRNAs shows good sensitivity and specificity. Some candidate miRNAs have been identified to play an important role in various liver disorders. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, mainly focusing on exosomes but also includes microvesicles in liver pathology.