Electrospun Fibrous Sponges: Principle, Fabrication, and Applications
Electrospun Fibrous Sponges: Principle, Fabrication, and Applications
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DOI：
10.1007/s42765-022-00202-2
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
16.1
通讯作者：
Ding Zong;Xinxin Zhang;Xia Yin;Feiyan Wang;Jianyong Yu;Shichao Zhang;Bin Ding
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ding Zong;Xinxin Zhang;Xia Yin;Feiyan Wang;Jianyong Yu;Shichao Zhang;Bin Ding
电纺纳米纤维材料具有比表面积大、孔径小、孔隙率高、通道连通性好、易于功能修饰等优点，广泛应用于环境治理、安全防护、组织工程等各个领域。随着功能纤维材料的发展，构建具有稳定结构的三维（3D）纤维材料已成为扩大电纺丝纤维应用和提高其性能的关键挑战。近年来，研究人员对静电纺丝纤维膜的三维重建和纤维海绵的直接静电纺丝进行了大量的研究。具体而言，通过对电纺丝纤维膜进行三维重建，构建了多种三维纤维海绵，包括嵌入水凝胶、3D打印、气体发泡和冷冻干燥等方法。同时，3D纤维海绵的直接静电纺丝方法也已成功开发，主要分为逐层堆积、液体辅助收集、3D模板收集、颗粒浸出和湿度场调节。此外，这些纤维海绵在吸声、保温、保温、空气过滤、吸附/分离、组织工程等诸多领域的应用也得到了探索。这些研究工作为三维纤维材料的制备提供了新的思路和方法。本文简要介绍了静电纺丝技术及其原理，总结了近年来三维纤维海绵的代表性进展，并对其未来发展进行了展望。图形抽象
Electrospun nanofiber materials, with the advantages of large specific surface area, small pore size, high porosity, good channel connectivity, and ease of functional modification, have been widely used in various fields including environmental governance, safety protection, and tissue engineering. With the development of functional fiber materials, the construction of three-dimensional (3D) fiber materials with stable structures has become a critical challenge to expanding application and improving the performance of electrospun fibers. In recent years, researchers have carried out a lot of studies on the 3D reconstruction of electrospun fiber membranes and direct electrospinning of fiber sponges. Specifically, a variety of 3D fibrous sponges were constructed by the 3D reconstruction of electrospun fiber membranes, including embedded hydrogels, 3D printing, gas-foaming, and freeze-drying methods. Meanwhile, the direct electrospinning methods of 3D fibrous sponges have also been successfully developed, which are mainly divided into layer-by-layer stacking, liquid-assisted collection, 3D template collection, particle leaching, and humidity field regulation. Moreover, the applications of these fibrous sponges in many fields have been explored, such as sound absorption, warmth retention, thermal insulation, air filtration, adsorption/separation, and tissue engineering. These research works provide new ideas and methods for the fabrication of 3D fiber materials. Herein, the electrospinning technology and principle were briefly introduced, the representative progress of 3D fiber sponges in recent years was summarized, and their future development prospected.Graphical Abstract