The Role of Midlife Occupational Complexity and Leisure Activity in Late-Life Cognition
The Role of Midlife Occupational Complexity and Leisure Activity in Late-Life Cognition
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbu110
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Kareholt, Ingemar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andel, Ross;Silverstein, Merril;Kareholt, Ingemar
目标。目的探讨与数据或人打交道的职业复杂性、中年的认知或社会休闲活动是否能预测老年认知。我们使用了来自老年人生活条件纵向研究的810名符合条件的参与者，这是一项瑞典全国代表性的研究，对77岁以上的个体进行认知评估（迷你精神状态测试的精简版本），于1992年和2002年进行，并与1968年和1981年收集的他们的中年职业和休闲活动信息相关联。运用自举法研究了职业复杂性、休闲活动与老年认知之间的直接互动关系。在控制了儿童、中年和晚年的人口统计学和健康相关因素后，我们发现，更复杂的工作（与人打交道和处理数据）以及更多地参与认知或社交休闲活动，与更好的晚年认知得分独立相关。当参与休闲活动（尤其是社交活动）高于平均水平时，与工作复杂性（尤其是与人合作的复杂性）相关的认知收益变得微不足道。研究结果讨论了利用工作复杂性来弥补休闲活动的缺乏，以及促进休闲参与来弥补在挑战性较低的职业中工作所带来的长期认知劣势。
Objective. To examine whether occupational complexity of working with data or people, and cognitive or social leisure activity at midlife predicted cognition in advanced old age.Methods. We used 810 eligible participants from Longitudinal Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old, a Swedish nationally representative study of individuals aged 77+ with cognitive assessments (an abridged version of the Mini-Mental State Exam) administered in 1992 and 2002 and linked to information about their midlife occupation and leisure activities collected in 1968 and 1981. A bootstrapping technique was applied to examine the direct and interactive associations of occupational complexity and leisure activity with late-life cognition.Results. Controlling for demographic and health-related factors from childhood, midlife, and late life, we found that greater work complexity, both with people and with data, and greater participation in cognitive or social leisure activities independently related to better late-life cognitive scores. The complexity-cognition link was moderated by leisure activity such that the cognitive benefit related to the complexity of work-especially complexity of working with people-was rendered insignificant when participation in leisure activities-especially social activities-was above average.Discussion. Results are discussed in terms of using work complexity to compensate for lack of leisure activity as well as in terms of promoting leisure engagement to compensate for long-term cognitive disadvantage imposed by working in less challenging occupations.