SMALL-SCALE DECEIT - DECEPTION AS A MARKER OF 2-YEAR-OLD, 3-YEAR-OLD, AND 4-YEAR-OLDS EARLY THEORIES OF MIND
SMALL-SCALE DECEIT - DECEPTION AS A MARKER OF 2-YEAR-OLD, 3-YEAR-OLD, AND 4-YEAR-OLDS EARLY THEORIES OF MIND
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/1130919
复制
发表时间：
1989-12-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
HALA, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHANDLER, M;FRITZ, AS;HALA, S
这份研究报告总结了一项关于2岁、3岁和4岁儿童欺骗性地引导他人进入错误信念的能力的研究结果，旨在帮助仲裁一个日益激烈的争议，即年轻人何时开始获得对他人思想的某种理论式理解。利用一种新颖的捉迷藏棋盘游戏作为观察儿童自发使用欺骗策略的背景，对50名年龄在2岁半到5岁之间的受试者进行了测试。其他人的研究结果与之相反，他们声称，大约4岁以下的儿童存在认知缺陷，这完全阻止了他们接受任何类型的对比信念的可能性。这项研究的结果表明，即使是两岁半的孩子也已经能够成功地运用一系列欺骗策略，这些策略既基于对错误信念可能性的认识，也预设了一些已经有效的心理理论。
This research report summarizes the results of a study into the abilities of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children to deceptively lead others into false beliefs, and is intended to help arbitrate a growing controversy as to when young persons first acquire some theory-like understanding of other minds. Utilizing a novel hide-and-seek board game as a context within which to observe children''s spontaneous use of deceptive strategies, a total of 50 subjects between the ages of 2 1/2 and 5 were tested. In contrast to the competing findings of others, which are claimed to establish that children younger than approximately 4 suffer a cognitive deficit that wholly blocks them from the possibility of entertaining any sort of contrastive beliefs, the results of this study show that even 2 1/2-year-olds are capable of already successfully employing a range of deceptive strategies that both trade upon an awareness of the possibility of false beliefs and presuppose some already operative theory of mind.