Placenta keeps the score of maternal cannabis use and child anxiety.
Placenta keeps the score of maternal cannabis use and child anxiety.
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胎盘记录母亲使用大麻和儿童焦虑的评分。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2118394118
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
LaSalle,JanineM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LaSalle,JanineM
人们认为大麻可以安全地消费而不会有健康风险，或者认为使用大麻比其他娱乐性毒品更安全，这可能是最近在美国和其他国家开展的大麻合法化运动的意外后果。在关于大麻合法化的辩论中，人们往往忽略了大麻对下一代造成的潜在危害。这不仅包括青少年，法律通常会将其排除在外，还包括那些仍在子宫内的人，他们接触到母亲所消费或接触到的一切。大麻正在成为怀孕期间最普遍滥用的娱乐性药物之一，据估计，在美国孕妇中，大麻的患病率为3%至16%(1)。一项研究发现，从2001年到2014年，孕产妇大麻使用量增加了64%(2)。与子宫内接触烟草和酒精不同，目前在孕产妇使用大麻对儿童结局和作用机制，特别是对人类的影响的研究方面存在重大差距。在PNAS上，Rompala等人(3)发表了一项研究，为孕妇在怀孕期间使用大麻的结果和可能的机制增加了重要的见解。我们之前所知道的是，大麻中的精神活性成分四氢大麻酚（THC）可以从母体血液通过胎盘自由地传递给胎儿(4)。孕妇使用大麻与妊娠并发症有关，包括低出生体重和早产(5)。已知四氢大麻酚针对内源性大麻素系统，该系统参与人体平衡内部系统（如情绪、免疫、温度等）与能量需求的稳态机制，在怀孕和大脑发育期间尤为重要(6)。在一些研究中，母亲使用大麻与儿童的不良认知和心理健康结果有关，包括自闭症、抑郁症和精神病（7-9）。
The perception that cannabis can be safely consumed without health risks or that use is safer than alternative recreational drugs is perhaps an unintended consequence of recent marijuana legalization campaigns in the United States and other countries. Often missing in the debates about cannabis legalization is the potential harm caused to the next generation. These would include not just teenagers, for which laws are often written to exclude, but those still in utero who are exposed to everything their mothers consume or are exposed to. Cannabis is becoming one of the most prevalent recreational drugs of abuse used during pregnancy, with an estimated prevalence of 3 to 16% among pregnant women in the United States (1). An increase of 64% in maternal cannabis use from 2001 to 2014 was observed in one study (2). Unlike for in utero tobacco and alcohol exposures, there is currently a major gap in research on the effects of maternal cannabis use on child outcomes and mechanisms of action, particularly in humans. In PNAS, Rompala et al.(3) publish a study that adds important insights to both the outcomes and the possible mechanisms of maternal cannabis use during pregnancy.What was previously known is that the psychoactive component in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), passes freely from maternal blood through the placenta to the fetus (4). Maternal cannabis use is associated with complications in pregnancy, including low birth weight and preterm birth (5). THC is known to target the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in the body’s homeostatic mechanisms of balancing internal systems (eg, mood, immune, temperature, etc.) with energy needs, particularly important during pregnancy and brain development (6). In a few studies, maternal cannabis use has been associated with adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes in children, including autism, depression, and psychosis (7–9).