Social Perception as Induction and Inference: An Integrative Model of Intergroup Differentiation, Ingroup Favoritism, and Differential Accuracy
Social Perception as Induction and Inference: An Integrative Model of Intergroup Differentiation, Ingroup Favoritism, and Differential Accuracy
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DOI：
10.1037/a0021051
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Krueger, Joachim I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Donato, Theresa E.;Ullrich, Johannes;Krueger, Joachim I.
社会刻板印象的三个一般特征是：对内部群体和外部群体之间差异的感知（群体间差异），对内部群体比外部群体拥有更多可取属性的感知（内部群体偏爱），以及对内部群体感知的更高准确性（差异准确性）。我们提出并测试了一个归纳推理模型来解释这三种现象，并解释了它们之间的关系。基于经验证据，该模型假设大多数人都有一个积极的自我形象，他们将这些自我形象更强烈地投射到内部群体而不是外部群体，并且他们的自我形象是判断社会群体的有效线索。两个使用交叉分类范式的最小群体实验支持了该模型，并为潜在的心理过程提供了新的证据。
Three general properties of social stereotypes are the perception of differences between ingroups and outgroups (intergroup differentiation), the perception of ingroups as having more desirable attributes than outgroups (ingroup favoritism), and the greater accuracy of ingroup perceptions (differential accuracy). We present and test an inductive-reasoning model that accounts for all 3 phenomena, and we explicate the relations among them. Based on empirical evidence, the model assumes that most people have a positive self-image, that they project these self-images more strongly to ingroups than to outgroups, and that their self-images are valid cues for judgments about social groups. Two minimal-group experiments using a crossed-categorization paradigm support the model and provide new evidence for underlying psychological processes.