Heterologous effects of infant BCG vaccination: potential mechanisms of immunity.

Heterologous effects of infant BCG vaccination: potential mechanisms of immunity.
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DOI:
10.2217/fmb-2018-0026
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发表时间:
2018-08
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Smith SG
Smith SG
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Butkeviciute E;Jones CE;Smith SG

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目前的抗结核疫苗BCG是在20世纪20年代开发的,但BCG诱导的保护性免疫的机制和人群之间保护效力的变异性仍然没有完全了解。BCG挑战了疫苗特异性的概念,因为有证据表明BCG可以保护免疫婴儿免受结核分枝杆菌以外的病原体的侵害-导致异源或非特异性保护。本文综述了这一现象的最新证据,潜在的免疫学机制和改进儿童疫苗设计的意义。BCG诱导婴儿先天和适应性免疫区室的功能变化,鼓励他们在生命的第一年合作。了解异源BCG作用以外的生物学机制对于提高婴儿对感染性疾病的保护至关重要。
The current antituberculosis vaccine, BCG, was derived in the 1920s, yet the mechanisms of BCG-induced protective immunity and the variability of protective efficacy among populations are still not fully understood. BCG challenges the concept of vaccine specificity, as there is evidence that BCG may protect immunized infants from pathogens other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis – resulting in heterologous or nonspecific protection. This review summarizes the up-to-date evidence for this phenomenon, potential immunological mechanisms and implications for improved childhood vaccine design. BCG induces functional changes in infant innate and adaptive immune compartments, encouraging their collaboration in the first year of life. Understanding biological mechanisms beyond heterologous BCG effects is crucial to improve infant protection from infectious diseases.
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