Coexistence of five sympatric Piper (Piperaceae) species in a tropical dry forest
Coexistence of five sympatric Piper (Piperaceae) species in a tropical dry forest
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热带干燥森林中五种同域胡椒（胡椒科）物种的共存
DOI：
10.2307/1940530
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
T. Fleming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Fleming
五种哥斯达黎加胡椒（胡椒科）物种共同出现在哥斯达黎加圣罗莎国家公园的常绿森林中。研究发现该物种具有独特的空间分布模式，其中两个物种（Piper marginatum 和 P.pseudofuligineum）出现在早期演替地点，其他物种 P. amalago、P. jacquemontianum 和 P. tuberculatum 分别出现在干旱森林、常绿森林和河岸森林等受干扰较少的地点。这些栖息地差异与种子和幼苗生物学的差异以及这些植物的翼手目种子传播者的觅食行为的季节性变化有关。排除不常见的 P. tuberculatum，按 Pianka (1974) 对称指数测量，整体成对空间重叠的平均值为 0.61。相对较低的物候重叠允许物种共享动物访客。平均成对开花重叠值 (0.13) 约为成对结果重叠值 (0.22) 的一半。对不同降雨线索和/或不同花序生长速率的响应产生时间上分离的物候周期。然而，计算机模拟的结果表明，对于大多数物种对来说，观察到的物候重叠既没有显着低于也没有显着高于偶然预期。昆虫的造访对于高结实率是必要的，并且物种对传粉者的吸引力不同。然而，成对昆虫重叠 (0.59) 大于偶然的预期。这些植物还利用相同的六种食果蝙蝠作为种子传播者，并且成对的蝙蝠重叠度极高（0.96）。因为它们是三种常见蝙蝠物种的重要果实来源，所以胡椒物种是干燥热带森林中的重要共生者。
Five Costa Rican species of Piper (Piperaceae) co—occur in evergreen forest sites at Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. The species were found to have distinctive spatial distribution patterns with two species (Piper marginatum and P. pseudofuligineum) occurring in early successional sites and the others, P. amalago, P. jacquemontianum, and P. tuberculatum, occurring in less disturbed sites in dry forest, evergreen forest, and riparian forest, respectively. These habitat differences are associated with differences in seed and seedling biology and seasonal changes in the foraging behavior of the chiropteran seed dispersers of these plants. Excluding the uncommon P. tuberculatum, overall pairwise spatial overlap, measured by Pianka's (1974) symmetrical index, averaged 0.61. Relatively low phenological overlap allows the species to share animal visitors. Average pairwise flowering overlap (0.13) was about one—half the value of pairwise fruiting overlap (0.22). Responses to different rainfall cues and/or different inflorescence growth rates produce temporally separated phenological cycles. However, results of computer simulations suggest that observed phenological overlap was neither significantly lower nor significantly higher than expected by chance, for most pairs of species. Insect visitation is necessary for high seed—set, and species differ in their attractiveness to pollinators. Pairwise insect overlap (0.59) was greater than expected by chance, however. The plants also utilize the same six species of frugivorous bats as seed dispersers, and pairwise bat overlap was extremely high (0.96). Because they are important fruit sources for three common bat species, Piper species are keystone mutualists in dry tropical forests.