Seeds Without Patents Science and Morality in British Plant Breeding in the Long Nineteenth-Century
Seeds Without Patents Science and Morality in British Plant Breeding in the Long Nineteenth-Century
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DOI：
10.3917/reco.641.0069
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Charnley, Berris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charnley, Berris
专利不能或没有使用的创新领域对历史学家提出了挑战。一方面，无专利创新的存在似乎表明，与传统观点相反，获得专利并不是创新者的唯一动机。另一方面，这些地方和时期揭示了创新者寻求保护他们从工作中获利的能力的大量替代策略。本文以19世纪英国植物育种史上的三个案例为基础，从总体上论证了专利和创新的新修正主义，同时也对特定的创新者群体如何努力使他们的创新工作获得回报进行了新的阐释。以下是两个结论。一个是，在这段时间里，科学在英国植物育种者为他们的品种增值的努力中发挥了重要作用。另一种观点认为，科学之所以能够扮演这一角色，完全是因为育种者之间预先存在的道德经济。
Areas of innovation where patents could not be or were not in use present a challenge to historians. On the one hand, the existence of patent-free innovation seems to show that, contrary to traditional views, obtaining patents is not the only motivation for those who innovate. On the other hand, such places and periods reveal an abundance of alternative strategies by which innovators sought to protect their ability to profit from their work. Drawing on three case studies from the history of British plant breeding in the long nineteenth-century, this paper substantiates the new revisionism about patents and innovation in a general way while at the same time throwing new light on how a specific community of innovators attempted to make their innovative work pay. Two conclusions emerge in what follows. One is that, during the period in question, science played an important part in British plant breeders' efforts to add value to their varieties. The other is that science was able to play this role only thanks to a pre-existing moral economy among the breeders.