Invaders responded more positively to soil biota than native or noninvasive introduced species, consistent with enemy escape
Invaders responded more positively to soil biota than native or noninvasive introduced species, consistent with enemy escape
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-022-02919-y
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Yu Liu;Yu-long Zheng;Lydia V. Jahn;J. H. Burns
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yu Liu;Yu-long Zheng;Lydia V. Jahn;J. H. Burns
了解生物入侵的控制机制对种群动态、生物多样性和群落聚集具有重要意义。敌人逃跑假说认为，从敌人（如食草动物和食肉动物）中逃脱，这些敌人在本地范围内受到限制，有助于解释在引入范围内的快速传播。虽然敌人逃跑假说已经在地面上得到了广泛的测试，但数据的限制使我们无法比较入侵和非入侵引入物种的地下机制，这限制了我们对为什么只有一些引入物种成为入侵物种的理解。我们通过系统发育元分析评估了土壤生物群在驱动植物入侵中的作用，将系统发育纳入模型的误差结构，并比较了活土壤和无菌条件土壤。我们发现了29项研究和396项效应大小估计，涉及103个物种，比较了活土壤和无菌土壤。我们发现土壤生物群对植物的总体积极影响（0.099,95% CI = 0.0266, 0.1714），与土壤共生菌的作用一致。外来入侵物种对土壤生物群的影响大小是本地物种的3.2倍，对引进历史较长的较老的调节物种的影响强度较弱，对远亲物种的天敌逃逸作用较强。此外，入侵物种的分配权衡比本地物种弱。通过证明土壤生物群对入侵物种的净效应比本地和非入侵引进物种更积极，自引进以来随着时间的推移而减弱，并随着系统发育距离的增加而增强，我们为土壤生物群在生物入侵中的重要作用提供了机制见解，与敌人逃跑假说的预测一致。
Understanding the mechanisms governing biological invasions has implications for population dynamics, biodiversity, and community assembly. The enemy escape hypothesis posits that escape from enemies such as herbivores and predators that were limiting in the native range helps explain rapid spread in the introduced range. While the enemy escape hypothesis has been widely tested aboveground, data limitations have prevented comparisons of belowground mechanisms for invasive and noninvasive introduced species, which limits our understanding of why only some introduced species become invasive. We assessed the role of soil biota in driving plant invasions in a phylogenetic meta−analysis, incorporating phylogeny in the error structure of the models, and comparing live and sterilized conditioned soils. We found 29 studies and 396 effect size estimates across 103 species that compared live and sterilized soils. We found general positive effects of soil biota for plants (0.099, 95% CI = 0.0266, 0.1714), consistent with a role of soil mutualists. The effect size of soil biota among invaders was 3.2× higher than for natives, the strength of effects was weaker for older conditioning species with a longer introduced history, and enemy escape was stronger for distant relatives. In addition, invasive species had a weaker allocation tradeoff than natives. By demonstrating that the net effect of soil biota is more positive for invasive than native and noninvasive introduced species, weakens over time since introduction, and strengthens as phylogenetic distance increasing, we provide mechanistic insights into the considerable role of soil biota in biological invasions, consistent with the predictions of the enemy escape hypothesis.