Human Rights, Natural Rights, And Europe’s Imperial Legacy
Human Rights, Natural Rights, And Europe’s Imperial Legacy
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人权、自然权利和欧洲帝国的遗产
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
A. Pagden
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作者：
A. Pagden
作者认为，人权概念是对旧的自然权利概念的发展，而对自然权利的现代理解是在欧洲努力使其海外帝国合法化的背景下发展起来的。法国大革命实际上改变了这一点，将人权与公民权的概念联系起来。因此，人权不仅与特定的道德-法律法典联系在一起，而且也隐含地与特定的政治制度联系在一起，两者都不可避免地起源于欧洲。然而，在这两种情况下，被采用都是一种潜在的普遍性观念，其起源可以在希腊和罗马关于全人类共同法律的观念中找到。他最后指出，为了反对非西方的批评，捍卫人权，人们必须意识到这个概念的谱系，然后准备好支持基本上是西欧对人类的理解。
The author argues the concept of human rights is a development of the older notion of natural rights and that the modern understanding of natural rights evolved in the context of the European struggle to legitimate its overseas empires. The French Revolution changed this by, in effect, linking human rights to the idea of citizenship. Human rights were thus tied not only to a specific ethical-legal code but also implicitly to a particular kind of political system, both of inescapably European origin. In both cases, however, being employed was an underlying idea of universality whose origins are to be found in the Greek and Roman idea of a common law for all humanity. He ends by arguing that to defend human rights against its non-Western critics, one must be aware of the genealogy of the concept and then be prepared to endorse an essentially Western European understanding of the human.