Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research.
Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research.
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黑腹果蝇是食品和营养研究中的多功能模式生物。
DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05900
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发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
S. Staats;K. Lüersen;A. E. Wagner;G. Rimbach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Staats;K. Lüersen;A. E. Wagner;G. Rimbach
黑腹果蝇作为模式生物在生物科学中得到了广泛的应用。果蝇的寿命相对较短，只有60-80天，这使得它对寿命研究具有吸引力。此外，大约60%的果蝇基因是哺乳动物的同源基因。因此，代谢和信号转导途径是高度保守的。果蝇的维护和繁殖不需要复杂的设备，而且相当便宜。此外，与对大鼠和小鼠等实验室啮齿动物的研究相比，实验性果蝇研究涉及的伦理问题更少。果蝇越来越被认为是食物和营养研究中的模式生物。果蝇经常被喂以酵母、玉米和琼脂为基础的复合固体饲料。也有所谓的荷兰式饮食，根据它们的氨基酸、脂肪酸、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质和微量元素组成来定义。果蝇的摄食量、身体成分、运动能力、肠道屏障功能、微生物区系、认知、生育能力、衰老和寿命都可以根据饮食因素进行系统的测定。此外，在确定的实验条件下，可以在苍蝇身上评估饮食诱导的病理生理机制，包括炎症和应激反应。在这里，我们批判性地评价果蝇作为实验食物和营养研究中的通用模式生物，回顾文献中的相应数据，并对未来的研究方向提出建议。
Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60-80 days, which makes it attractive for life span studies. Moreover, approximately 60% of the fruit fly genes are orthologs to mammals. Thus, metabolic and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Maintenance and reproduction of Drosophila do not require sophisticated equipment and are rather cheap. Furthermore, there are fewer ethical issues involved in experimental Drosophila research compared with studies in laboratory rodents, such as rats and mice. Drosophila is increasingly recognized as a model organism in food and nutrition research. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. Feed intake, body composition, locomotor activity, intestinal barrier function, microbiota, cognition, fertility, aging, and life span can be systematically determined in Drosophila in response to dietary factors. Furthermore, diet-induced pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and stress responses may be evaluated in the fly under defined experimental conditions. Here, we critically evaluate Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism in experimental food and nutrition research, review the corresponding data in the literature, and make suggestions for future directions of research.