Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2010
Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2010
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DOI：
10.5194/tc-6-881-2012
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Parkinson, C. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cavalieri, D. J.;Parkinson, C. L.
本文分析了32年（1979-2010年）的北极海冰范围和面积，这些海冰范围和面积来自于卫星被动微波辐射计，用于整个北方半球和9个北极地区。该半球的海冰面积总体呈负年度趋势，为-51.5 +/- 4.1x10（3）km（2）yr（-1）（-4.1 +/- 0.3% decade（-1））。除白令海外，北极各区域的海冰范围年趋势均为负值：-3.9 +/- 1.1x10（3）公里（2）年（-1）（-8.7 +/- 2.5%十年（-1）），鄂霍次克海和日本海，+ 0.3 +/- 0.8x10（3）km（2）yr（-1）（+1.2 +/- 2.7%十年（-1）），白令海，-4.4 +/- 0.7 x 10（3）km（2）yr（-1）（-5.1 +/- 0.9%十年（-1）），哈德逊湾，-7.6 +/- 1.6x10（3）km（2）yr（-1）巴芬湾/拉布拉多海（-8.5 +/- 1.8%十年（-1）），-0.5 +/- 0.3x10（3）km（2）yr（-1）圣劳伦斯湾（-5.9 +/- 3.5%十年（-1）），-6.5 +/- 1.1 x 103 km（2）yr（-1）（-8.6 +/- 1.5%十年（-1）），格陵兰海，-13.5 +/- 2.3x10（3）km（2）yr（-1）喀拉海和巴伦支海（-9.2 +/- 1.6%十年（-1）），-14.6 +/- 2.3x10（3）km（2）yr（-1）北冰洋为-2.1 +/- 0.3%十年（-1），加拿大群岛为-0.9 +/- 0.4x10（3）km（2）yr（-1）（-1.3 +/- 0.5%十年（-1））。同样，除白令海外，海冰面积的年趋势都是负的。在海冰范围和面积的季节性基础上，观察到夏季的负趋势最大，秋季的负趋势次之。海冰的范围和面积趋势因地区和季节的不同而每月变化很大。就整个北方半球而言，所有12个月的海冰范围趋势均为负，5月最小，9月最大，而相应的海冰面积趋势则较小，3月和9月达到最小值和最大值。
Analyses of 32 yr (1979-2010) of Arctic sea ice extents and areas derived from satellite passive microwave radiometers are presented for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole and for nine Arctic regions. There is an overall negative yearly trend of -51.5 +/- 4.1x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-4.1 +/- 0.3% decade(-1)) in sea ice extent for the hemisphere. The yearly sea ice extent trends for the individual Arctic regions are all negative except for the Bering Sea: -3.9 +/- 1.1x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-8.7 +/- 2.5% decade(-1)) for the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan, + 0.3 +/- 0.8x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (+ 1.2 +/- 2.7% decade(-1)) for the Bering Sea, -4.4 +/- 0.7 x 10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-5.1 +/- 0.9% decade(-1)) for Hudson Bay, -7.6 +/- 1.6x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-8.5 +/- 1.8% decade(-1)) for Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea, -0.5 +/- 0.3x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-5.9 +/- 3.5% decade(-1)) for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, -6.5 +/- 1.1 x 103 km(2) yr(-1) (-8.6 +/- 1.5% decade(-1)) for the Greenland Sea, -13.5 +/- 2.3x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-9.2 +/- 1.6% decade(-1)) for the Kara and Barents Seas, -14.6 +/- 2.3x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-2.1 +/- 0.3% decade(-1)) for the Arctic Ocean, and -0.9 +/- 0.4x10(3) km(2) yr(-1) (-1.3 +/- 0.5% decade(-1)) for the Canadian Archipelago. Similarly, the yearly trends for sea ice areas are all negative except for the Bering Sea. On a seasonal basis for both sea ice extents and areas, the largest negative trend is observed for summer with the next largest negative trend being for autumn. Both the sea ice extent and area trends vary widely by month depending on region and season. For the Northern Hemisphere as a whole, all 12 months show negative sea ice extent trends with a minimum magnitude in May and a maximum magnitude in September, whereas the corresponding sea ice area trends are smaller in magnitude and reach minimum and maximum values in March and September.