Orexin: a link between energy homeostasis and adaptive behaviour
Orexin: a link between energy homeostasis and adaptive behaviour
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DOI：
10.1097/00075197-200307000-00001
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Sakurai, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sakurai, T
食欲素，也被称为下丘脑素，是由下丘脑外侧区特定神经元群表达的一对神经肽，下丘脑外侧区是大脑中与进食、觉醒和动机行为有关的区域。本文综述了近年来食欲素的相关研究成果，并对其生理作用进行了讨论。最近的研究结果表明，食欲素神经元在外周能量平衡和中枢神经系统机制之间提供了关键的联系，协调睡眠-觉醒和动机行为，如寻找食物，特别是在禁食应激的生理状态下。食欲素（下丘脑分泌素）神经元与下丘脑的进食中心、脑干的觉醒和睡眠-觉醒中心、交感神经和副交感神经核以及边缘系统相互作用。在许多物种中，摄食素的剂量依赖性增加了食物摄入量、清醒时间、运动活动和代谢率，以及心率和血压。最近的电生理学研究表明，食欲素神经元受代谢信号的调节，包括瘦素、葡萄糖、胃饥饿素以及单胺和乙酰胆碱。因此，食欲素神经元与下丘脑摄食通路和脑干单胺-胆碱能中枢以及营养因子的调节具有必要的功能相互作用，这表明它们可能是与觉醒和能量稳态相关的适应性行为整合的重要细胞环节。
Purpose of review Orexins, also called hypocretins, are a pair of neuropeptides expressed by a specific population of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area, a region of the brain implicated in feeding, arousal and motivated behaviour. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent relevant findings on orexins, and discuss the physiological roles of these peptides.Recent findings Recent findings suggest that orexin neurons provide a critical link between the peripheral energy balance and central nervous system mechanisms that coordinate sleep-wakefulness and motivated behaviours such as food seeking, especially in the physiological state of fasting stress.Summary Orexin (hypocretin) neurons interact with feeding centres in the hypothalamus, arousal and sleep-wakefulness centres in the brainstem, sympathetic and parasympathetic nuclei and the limbic system. The central administration of orexin dose-dependently increases food intake, waking time, motor activity, and metabolic rate, as well as heart rate and blood pressure in many species. Recent electrophysiological studies have shown that orexin neurons are regulated by metabolic cues, including leptin, glucose, and ghrelin, as well as monoamines and acetylcholin. Orexin neurons thus have the requisite functional interactions with hypothalamic feeding pathways and monoaminergic-cholinergic centres in the brain stem, and regulation by nutritional factors, to suggest that they may be an important cellular link in the integration of adaptive behaviour associated with arousal and energy homeostasis.