How to measure the agroecological performance of farming in order to assist with the transition process
How to measure the agroecological performance of farming in order to assist with the transition process
复制标题
如何衡量农业的农业生态绩效以协助转型过程
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Bord
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Trabelsi;E. Mandart;P. Grusse;J. Bord
使用植物保护产品使农民能够最大限度地提高经济效益和产量，但反过来，环境和人类健康可能因其毒性而受到极大影响。目前，人们强烈呼吁农民减少使用这些有毒产品，以保护环境和人类健康，迫切需要投资于有助于减少这些风险的更可持续的模式。一个可能的解决办法是向农业生态生产系统过渡。这些新系统必须在经济、社会和环境方面有利于人类健康。根据一系列指标，有许多工具可用于评估传统农场的农业系统的可持续性。这些方法不适用于生态农业农场，也不能衡量生态农业转型农场的绩效。因此，在这篇文章中，我们开发了一个模型的战略定义，指导和援助过渡到农业生态实践，能够评估这种过渡的表现，并模拟可能的变化的后果。该模型是通过耦合（i）决策支持工具和技术经济模拟器与（ii）从农业生态实践的动态建立的概念模型而建立的。目前，该工具正在农业和农村发展特别影响委员会（CASDAR）项目（CASDAR：法国农业、食品和林业部于2013年启动的项目，主题为“农业生态集体动员”，http：//agriculture.gouv.fr/Appel-a-projets-CASDAR）的框架内进行测试，使用的是来自农场的数据，其中大部分农场自2008年以来都在从事农业环境过程并减少植物保护处理。
The use of plant protection products enables farmers to maximize economic performance and yields, but in return, the environment and human health can be greatly affected because of their toxicity. There are currently strong calls for farmers to reduce the use of these toxic products for the preservation of the environment and the human health, and it has become urgent to invest in more sustainable models that help reduce these risks. One possible solution is the transition toward agroecological production systems. These new systems must be beneficial economically, socially, and environmentally in terms of human health. There are many tools available, based on a range of indicators, for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems on conventional farm holdings. These methods are little suitable to agroecological farms and do not measure the performance of agroecological transition farms. In this article, we therefore develop a model for the strategic definition, guidance, and assistance for a transition to agroecological practices, capable of assessing performance of this transition and simulating the consequences of possible changes. This model was built by coupling (i) a decision-support tool and a technico-economic simulator with (ii) a conceptual model built from the dynamics of agroecological practices. This tool is currently being tested in the framework of a Compte d’Affectation Spéciale pour le Développement Agricole et Rural (CASDAR) project (CASDAR: project launched in 2013 by the French Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, on the theme “collective mobilisation for agroecology,” http://agriculture.gouv.fr/Appel-a-projets-CASDAR) using data from farms, most of which are engaged in agroenvironmental process and reducing plant protection treatments since 2008.