The consequences of Middle Paleolithic diets on pregnant Neanderthal women
The consequences of Middle Paleolithic diets on pregnant Neanderthal women
复制标题
旧石器时代中期饮食对尼安德特人孕妇的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2011.07.002
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
B. Hockett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Hockett
尼安德特人的能量和能量需求模型表明，他们需要的平均每日热量摄入量远远高于解剖学上现代人类觅食者的平均水平。其原因包括尼安德特人较高的基本代谢率、较低的体温调节效率、较低的狩猎效率、较高的流动性以及较低的性别分工。这些模型表明，尼安德特人每天的能量消耗可能达到或超过5500卡路里。鉴于大多数生存和同位素研究也表明，尼安德特人的饮食集中在大型陆生食草动物上，本文提出了这样一个问题：这种饮食对怀孕的尼安德特人妇女的营养后果是什么？从营养生态学的角度来看这个问题，一个每天5500卡路里的饮食模型完全来自大型陆生食草动物，这表明这样的饮食会杀死一个怀孕的尼安德特妇女和她正在发育的胎儿。这表明，关于尼安德特人的生存、流动和社会关系，还有很多东西有待了解，要解释3万至5万年前尼安德特人灭绝的原因以及现代人类在欧洲和地中海地区的成功，还有很长的路要走。
Models of Neanderthal energetics and energy requirements suggest they required an average daily caloric intake well above the average for anatomically modern human foragers. The reasons stated for this include higher basic metabolic rates, less efficiency at thermoregulation, less efficiency at hunting, greater degrees of mobility, and reduced sexual division of labor in Neanderthal populations. These models suggest that Neanderthal Daily Energy Expenditure may have reached or exceeded 5500 calories per day. Given that most subsistence and isotope studies also suggest that Neanderthals focused their diet on large, terrestrial herbivores, this paper asks: what would be the nutritional consequences of such a diet on pregnant Neanderthal women? Applying a nutritional ecology perspective to the issue, a modeled diet consisting of 5500 calories per day derived exclusively from large, terrestrial herbivores indicates that such a diet would kill a pregnant Neanderthal woman and her developing fetus. This suggests that much remains to be learned about Neanderthal subsistence, mobility, and social relations, and that there is a long way to go before explaining the causes of Neanderthal extinction and modern human success in Europe and the Mediterranean region between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago.