Application of the ricewq—vadoft model for simulating the environmental fate of pretilachlor in rice paddies
Application of the ricewq—vadoft model for simulating the environmental fate of pretilachlor in rice paddies
复制标题
Ricewq—vadoft模型在稻田中丙草胺环境归趋模拟中的应用
DOI：
10.1897/04-180r.1
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
E. Capri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Karpouzas;A. Ferrero;F. Vidotto;E. Capri
在欧洲，没有经过验证的模型能够模拟农药在稻田特定条件下的环境命运。水稻水质-渗透带流量和输送（RICEWQ‐VADOFT）是一个由地表径流模型（RICEWQ）和渗透带流量和输送模型（VADOFT）耦合发展而来的模型，用于确定稻田水、沉积物、径流和地下水中预测的环境浓度。本研究旨在评估该模型在稻田环境中有效模拟除草剂吡草胺环境命运的能力。在意大利北部一个具有代表性的水稻种植区进行的一项为期两年的实地研究提供了稻田水和沉积物中吡草胺的测量浓度，并对径流损失进行了有限数量的观察。该模型成功地预测了这两年的水田水分平衡。经过有限的校正，该模型能较准确地预测稻田水和底泥中苯甲草胺的命运。使用几个统计指标对这两年的预估浓度和实测值之间的一致性进行了统计评估。例如，稻田水和沉积物的模型效率（EF）值分别为0.867 ~ 0.935和0.702 ~ 0.718，表明农药浓度的预测值和实测值非常吻合。模型预测结果与2002年有限的实测径流数据高度吻合。该模型预测，尽管没有测量数据来评估预测结果，但在土壤顶部25厘米以下不会有大量的苯甲草胺浸出。模型对控制农药向水稻底泥分配的变量（VBIND，农药直接向底泥分配的深度；VMIX，通过分子扩散的混合速度）的敏感性分析表明，这些变量对农药淋溶的预测有很强的影响。一般来说，RICEWQ - VADOFT模型是一个有用的稻田农药风险评估建模工具。
No validated models in Europe are capable of simulating the environmental fate of pesticides under the specific conditions of rice fields. Rice water quality—vadose zone flow and transport (RICEWQ‐VADOFT) is a model developed from the coupling of a surface runoff model (RICEWQ) and a vadose zone flow and transport model (VADOFT) for determining predicted environmental concentrations in paddy water and sediment, runoff, and groundwater. This study is intended to evaluate the capability of this model to simulate effectively the environmental fate of the herbicide pretilachlor in the paddy environment. A two‐year field study conducted in a representative rice‐cultivated area of northern Italy provided measured concentrations of pretilachlor in paddy water and sediment and also a limited number of observations on runoff losses. The model successfully predicted the water balance in the paddy field in both years. After limited calibration, the model predicted the fate of pretilachlor in paddy water and sediment with high accuracy. Agreement between predicted and measured concentrations of pretilachlor in both years was assessed statistically using several statistical indicators. For example, modeling efficiency (EF) values of 0.867 to 0.935 and 0.702 to 0.718 in paddy water and sediment, respectively, document the strong agreement between predicted and measured pesticide concentrations. The model predictions showed high agreement with the limited amount of measured runoff data in 2002. The model predicted that no significant amounts of pretilachlor would leach below the top 25 cm of the soil, although no measured data were available to evaluate the predicted results. A sensitivity analysis of the model to variables controlling pesticide partitioning to paddy sediment (VBIND, depth for direct partitioning of pesticide to bed sediment; VMIX, mixing velocity by molecular diffusion) revealed that the predictions of pesticide leaching were influenced strongly by those variables. Generally the RICEWQ‐VADOFT model is a useful modeling tool for pesticide risk assessment in rice paddies.