Optimal Deployments of UAVs With Directional Antennas for a Power-Efficient Coverage
Optimal Deployments of UAVs With Directional Antennas for a Power-Efficient Coverage
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DOI：
10.1109/tcomm.2020.2992521
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Jun Guo;Philipp Walk;H. Jafarkhani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jun Guo;Philipp Walk;H. Jafarkhani
为了在给定的地面区域为用户提供可靠的无线上行链路，可以部署无人机作为基站(BS)。在另一种应用中，人们可以使用无人机从地面传感器收集数据。对于这种飞行BSS的功率高效和可扩展的部署，定向天线可以被用来有效地覆盖任意的2-D地面区域。对于定向天线，我们考虑了一个具有真实角度相关辐射方向图的大规模无线路径损耗模型。基于这样的模型，我们确定了在给定目标区域内使用户的平均发射功率消耗最小的$N$无人机的最优3-D部署。假设用户具有与理想全向天线相同的发射机，并且无人机具有相同的定向天线，且具有给定的半功率波束宽度(HPBW)和沿垂直轴对称的辐射方向图。对于均匀分布的地面用户，我们通过仿真表明，在最优节能部署中，无人机必须共享共同的飞行高度。我们还以闭合的形式推导了$N$无人机的渐近最优公共飞行高度，它是关于区域大小、数据速率、带宽、HPBW和路径损耗指数的。
To provide a reliable wireless uplink for users in a given ground area, one can deploy Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as base stations (BSs). In another application, one can use UAVs to collect data from sensors on the ground. For a power-efficient and scalable deployment of such flying BSs, directional antennas can be utilized to efficiently cover arbitrary 2-D ground areas. We consider a large-scale wireless path-loss model with a realistic angle-dependent radiation pattern for the directional antennas. Based on such a model, we determine the optimal 3-D deployment of $N$ UAVs to minimize the average transmit-power consumption of the users in a given target area. The users are assumed to have identical transmitters with ideal omnidirectional antennas and the UAVs have identical directional antennas with given half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and symmetric radiation pattern along the vertical axis. For uniformly distributed ground users, we show that the UAVs have to share a common flight height in an optimal power-efficient deployment, by simulations. We also derive in closed-form the asymptotic optimal common flight height of $N$ UAVs in terms of the area size, data-rate, bandwidth, HPBW, and path-loss exponent.