Do our ears help us cross streets safely?
Do our ears help us cross streets safely?
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我们的耳朵能帮助我们安全过马路吗？
DOI：
10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040682
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Schwebel,DavidC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schwebel,DavidC
非常感谢 Richard Lichenstein 等人关于使用耳机的行人受伤和受害者死亡频率的报告。 1 结合我们实验室最近的实验数据，通过耳机听音乐对行人来说可能比打电话或发短信分心更危险，2 我们积累的数据表明，行人可能比以前认识到的更依赖听觉提示来确保安全，也比汽车驾驶员更依赖。关于儿童行人听觉感知发展的早期研究 3 以及来自感知和人为因素文献的最新数据也支持了这种可能性。 4, 5 另请注意，Lichenstein 等人 1 引用的 Neider 等人 6 数据可能存在矛盾，应谨慎解释，因为该研究中的虚拟行人环境在没有交通声音的情况下运行。为什么这种新兴数据趋势（交通声音可能在行人安全中发挥关键作用）很重要？原因有很多，但其中一个因素尤为重要。如果行人依靠声音来判断接近的交通，那么电动和混合动力汽车（产生很少或根本不发出声音的车辆）的出现会如何影响行人的安全？我们是否在无意中使用环保车辆给行人带来安全风险？行人是否用耳朵、眼睛和脚来维护安全？
Thanks very much to Richard Lichenstein et al for their report on the frequency of pedestrian injuries and deaths to victims using headphones. 1 Combined with recent experimental data from our laboratory that listening to music via headphones may be even more dangerous to pedestrians than distraction from talking on the phone or text-messaging, 2 we have accumulated data suggesting pedestrians may rely on auditory cues for safety much more than previously recognised, as well as much more than automobile drivers. This possibility is supported also by early work on the development of auditory perception in child pedestrians 3 and recent data from the perception and human factors literature. 4, 5 Note also that the potentially-contradictory Neider et al 6 data cited by Lichenstein et al 1 should be interpreted cautiously because the virtual pedestrian environment in that study functioned without traffic sounds.Why is this emerging data trend—that traffic sounds may play a key role in pedestrian safety—important? For several reasons, but one looms large. If pedestrians rely on sound to judge approaching traffic, how might the advent of electric and hybrid cars—vehicles that produce little or no sound—affect pedestrian safety? Are we inadvertently creating pedestrian safety risk with environmentally friendly vehicles? Do pedestrians use their ears as well as their eyes and feet to maintain safety?