Evaluation of three 3ABC ELISAs for foot-and-mouth disease non-structural antibodies using latent class analysis.
Evaluation of three 3ABC ELISAs for foot-and-mouth disease non-structural antibodies using latent class analysis.
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DOI：
10.1186/1746-6148-2-30
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发表时间：
2006-10-16
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Morgan, Kenton L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bronsvoort, Barend M deC;Toft, Nils;Morgan, Kenton L
背景：口蹄疫是偶蹄类动物的一种高度传染性病毒性疾病。FMD的血清学诊断/监测存在几个问题，因为全世界有七种血清型，并且在接种疫苗的情况下，可能需要能够识别FMD感染/暴露的动物，而不管它们的疫苗接种状态如何。非结构性3ABC蛋白（NSP）ELISA检测的最新发展极大地推进了血清诊断/监测，因为这些检测检测暴露于FMD的七种血清型中的任何一种的活病毒，甚至在接种疫苗的人群中。本文分析了三个NSP测试的性能，使用贝叶斯公式的Hui-Walter潜伏类模型来估计测试的灵敏度和特异性，在没有“金标准”测试的情况下，使用来自喀麦隆地方性口蹄疫流行的牛群的血清。南美I-ELISA。然而，商业化的CHEKIT试剂盒虽然具有高特异性，但具有非常低的灵敏度。研究结果表明，对于NSP ELISA，潜在类模型是一个有用的替代传统的方法来评估诊断测试对一个已知的“金标准”的测试作为不完善的“金标准”可能会产生偏见的测试特性。结论：这项研究表明，当应用于在广泛牧场条件下管理的自然感染的瘤牛时，FMDELISA可能不能给出与实验研究产生的参数估计相同的参数估计。贝叶斯方法允许完整的后验概率和捕获估计中的不确定性。不完全特异性的影响对于血清监测数据的设计和解释是重要的，并且在低流行率情况下可能导致过多的假阳性，除非使用后续的确证性试验，如酶联免疫电转移印迹（EITB）。
BACKGROUND: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of even-toed ungulates. Serological diagnosis/surveillance of FMD presents several problems as there are seven serotypes worldwide and in the event of vaccination it may be necessary to be able to identify FMD infected/exposed animals irrespective of their vaccination status. The recent development of non-structural 3ABC protein (NSP) ELISA tests has greatly advanced sero-diagnosis/surveillance as these tests detect exposure to live virus for any of the seven serotypes of FMD, even in vaccinated populations. This paper analyses the performance of three NSP tests using a Bayesian formulation of the Hui-Walter latent class model to estimate test sensitivity and specificity in the absence of a "gold-standard" test, using sera from a well described cattle population in Cameroon with endemic FMD.RESULTS: The analysis found a high sensitivity and specificity for both the Danish C-ELISA and the World Organisation for Animal Health (O.I.E.) recommended South American I-ELISA. However, the commercial CHEKIT kit, though having high specificity, has very low sensitivity. The results of the study suggests that for NSP ELISAs, latent class models are a useful alternative to the traditional approach of evaluating diagnostic tests against a known "gold-standard" test as imperfections in the "gold-standard" may give biased test characteristics.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that when applied to naturally infected zebu cattle managed under extensive rangeland conditions, the FMD ELISAs may not give the same parameter estimates as those generated from experimental studies. The Bayesian approach allows for full posterior probabilities and capture of the uncertainty in the estimates. The implications of an imperfect specificity are important for the design and interpretation of sero-surveillance data and may result in excessive numbers of false positives in low prevalence situations unless a follow-up confirmatory test such as the enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) is used.