Health risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in Canada
Health risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in Canada
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DOI：
10.1016/0168-1605(96)01107-5
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Harwig, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farber, JM;Ross, WH;Harwig, J
本文综述了食品中单核增生李斯特菌健康风险评估的主要步骤。提供了有关加拿大报告的人类李斯特菌病病例数以及加拿大目前对单核细胞增生乳杆菌的监管政策的数据。研究了食品中该生物健康风险评估的四个主要步骤，即危害识别、危害表征、暴露评估和风险表征。由于已知单核增生乳杆菌没有直接的人体剂量反应数据，因此对一种称为Weibull-Gamma模型的灵活剂量反应模型进行了评估。在暴露评估中，肉酱和软奶酪，这两种李斯特菌感染的高风险食物被用作一些模型的原型。使用奶酪的消失数据和100克作为典型的一份，数据表明加拿大人均每年平均102份。作为单核增生乳杆菌的粗略近似值，正常人群和高危人群的参考ID10和ID90剂量反应水平分别为10(7)和10(9)，高危人群为10(5)和10(7)。相应的剂量反应模型以图形形式显示。这些模型在高危人群中表现出更高程度的易感性和更少的宿主/病原体异质性。ID10和ID90参考值之间的剂量范围大致相当于与李斯特菌病病例相关的水平。在风险描述阶段，剂量反应数据与单核增生乳杆菌的一些预测生长建模数据相结合，假设单个细胞初始暴露于4℃和8℃储存的食物中，在4℃储存超过35天导致高风险人群的风险迅速增加，而在8℃储存约13天后产生类似的风险。此外，还制定了一个公式，用于计算加拿大从软质和半软质奶酪消费中获得人类李斯特菌病的平均概率。由该方程得出的计算表明，报告的数据与风险评估模型的假设之间存在相当程度的一致性。风险描述或可能的风险管理的一个重要部分是描述估计风险的经济和社会后果。据估计，加拿大每年因李斯特菌病患病和死亡的总费用在1110万至1260万美元之间。
In this review, the major steps used in the formulation of a health risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in foods are discussed. Data is given on the numbers of human listeriosis cases reported in Canada along with the current Canadian regulatory policy on L. monocytogenes. Four major steps in the health risk assessment of this organism in food namely, hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization, were examined. For hazard characterization since it is known that no direct human dose response data is available for L. monocytogenes, a flexible dose response model called the Weibull-Gamma model was evaluated. For the exposure assessment, pate and soft cheese, both high-risk foods in terms of listeriosis infection were used as prototypes in some of the models that were used. Using disappearance data for cheese and 100 g as a typical serving, the data suggested an average of 102 servings per capita, per year in Canada. As a rough approximation for L. monocytogenes, reference ID10 and ID90 dose levels of response for both normal and high risk populations were given as 10(7) and 10(9) for normal individuals, and 10(5) and 10(7) for high-risk people. The corresponding dose response models were graphically displayed. These models exhibited a higher degree of susceptibility and less host/pathogen heterogeneity for the higher risk group. The range of doses between the ID10 and ID90 reference values corresponded roughly to levels associated with cases of listeriosis. In the risk characterization stage, dose response data was combined with some predictive growth modeling data of L. monocytogenes, on pate, assuming an initial exposure of a single cell for food stored at 4 degrees and 8 degrees C. Storage of pate at 4 degrees C for more than 35 days resulted in a rapidly increasing risk for the high risk population, while storage at 8 degrees C produced a similar risk after about 13 days. In addition, an equation, used to calculate the average probability of acquiring human listeriosis in Canada from soft and semi-soft cheese consumption, was formulated. Computations derived from this equation indicated a substantial level of consistency between reported data and assumptions of the risk assessment model. An important part of risk characterization or possibly risk management is characterizing the economic and social consequences of estimated risks. The total annual estimated cost of listeriosis illnesses and deaths in Canada was estimated to be between 11.1 and 12.6 million dollars.