Deepwater rice: A model plant to study stem elongation
Deepwater rice: A model plant to study stem elongation
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.118.4.1105
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Cho, HT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kende, H;van der Knaap, E;Cho, HT
半水生植物主要生长在洪泛平原和沿着河床，并适应在洪水期间部分淹没的情况下生存（Blom和Voesenek，1996年）。它们的适应性特征之一是内部空气通道（通气组织）的发展，促进水下器官的通气，以及当植物部分被洪水覆盖时快速伸长的能力。浸没诱导生长使半水生植物能够保持部分叶子在上升的沃茨之上，以避免溺水。是一种半水生植物，其生长，在幼苗和成年阶段，是很好的研究。它在五个生态系统中种植，其中供水来源和洪水程度是主要的环境决定因素。与这些生态系统相对应的水稻类型是雨养低地和高地水稻、在控制灌溉条件下种植的水稻、深水水稻和潮汐湿地水稻。在深水生态系统中种植的水稻与大多数现代水稻品种的区别在于，它能够在水深50厘米以上的地方存活至少1个月（Catling，1992年）。在深水水稻类型中，所谓的漂浮水稻表现出极强的伸长能力。当部分淹没时，它们可以以20至25厘米/天的速度生长，在最深4米的水深中可以达到7米的长度（关于深水水稻生态系统的详细描述，见Vergara等人，2005年）。[1976]; Catling [1992]）。图1A显示了深水水稻的生长习性。幼苗在洪水来临之前就可以生根发芽了。淹水诱导的节间快速伸长的潜力随着节间的分化而发展（Métraux和Kende，1983）。当洪水上涨时，节间伸长，不定根在节上形成。当沃茨退去时，水稻植株下沉到地面，向重力的刺激导致茎的顶部和穗向上生长。图1B显示了在2天的淹没期间一个节间的生长响应。
Semiaquatic plants grow mostly in flood plains and along river beds and are adapted to survive partial submergence during periods of flooding (Blom and Voesenek, 1996). Among their adaptive features are the development of internal air channels (aerenchyma) that facilitate aeration of submerged organs and the capacity for rapid elongation when the plants become partially covered by floodwaters. Submergence-induced growth enables semiaquatic plants to keep part of their foliage above the rising waters and to avoid drowning.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a semiaquatic plant whose growth, at both the seedling and adult stages, is well investigated. It is cultivated in five ecosystems where the source of water supply and the degree of flooding are the major environmental determinants. The rice types corresponding to these ecosystems are rain-fed low-and upland rice, rice grown under controlled irrigated conditions, deepwater rice, and rice in tidal wetlands. Rice grown in the deepwater ecosystem distinguishes itself from most modern rice varieties by its ability to survive in water depths of more than 50 cm for at least 1 month (Catling, 1992). Among the deepwater rice types, the so-called floating rices exhibit extreme elongation capacity. They can grow at rates of 20 to 25 cm/d when partially submerged and can reach a length of up to 7 m in water depths of up to 4 m (for a detailed description of the deepwater rice ecosystem, see Vergara et al.[1976]; Catling [1992]). Figure 1A illustrates the growth habit of deepwater rice. Seedlings are allowed to establish themselves before the onset of flooding. The potential for submergence-induced rapid internodal elongation develops with the differentiation of internodes (Métraux and Kende, 1983). As the floodwaters rise, the internodes elongate and adventitious roots are formed at the nodes. When the waters recede, the rice plant sinks to the ground and gravitropic stimulation causes the top of the stem and the panicle to grow upward. Figure 1B illustrates the growth response of one internode during 2 d of submergence.