Functional variation in the gut microbiome of wild Drosophila populations
Functional variation in the gut microbiome of wild Drosophila populations
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.14728
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Douglas, Angela E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bost, Alyssa;Martinson, Vincent G.;Douglas, Angela E.
动物肠道微生物组在功能上是可变的，对动物宿主的健康和适应性有影响的大多数证据都是基于实验室研究，通常在严格控制的条件下使用近交系动物。在自然条件下，这些微生物群的影响在远交动物种群中是否明显，在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们量化了肠道微生物群（宏基因组）和宿主（肠道转录组）的功能特性和肠道微生物（16S rRNA基因序列）的分类组成在自然种群的三个mycophagous果蝇物种。微生物组功能和组成的变化主要是由样品收集的时间驱动的，而宿主功能主要与果蝇物种有关，这表明微生物组特征的变化主要是由环境因素决定的，而不是宿主分类。尽管如此，微生物组和宿主功能性状之间的显着相关性。特别是，代谢主导的微生物组功能与肠道上皮更新相关的宿主功能呈正相关。微生物组中的大部分功能变异可以归因于拟杆菌门丰度的变异，而不是其他两个丰富的类群，变形菌门或乳杆菌目。我们的结论是，动物和他们的肠道微生物组之间的相互作用的功能变化可以在自然种群中检测到，并且，在食菌果蝇，这种变化主要涉及到肠道上皮的代谢和稳态。
Most of the evidence that the gut microbiome of animals is functionally variable, with consequences for the health and fitness of the animal host, is based on laboratory studies, often using inbred animals under tightly controlled conditions. It is largely unknown whether these microbiome effects would be evident in outbred animal populations under natural conditions. In this study, we quantified the functional traits of the gut microbiota (metagenome) and host (gut transcriptome) and the taxonomic composition of the gut microorganisms (16S rRNA gene sequence) in natural populations of three mycophagous Drosophila species. Variation in microbiome function and composition was driven principally by the period of sample collection, while host function varied mostly with Drosophila species, indicating that variation in microbiome traits is determined largely by environmental factors, and not host taxonomy. Despite this, significant correlations between microbiome and host functional traits were obtained. In particular, microbiome functions dominated by metabolism were positively associated with host functions relating to gut epithelial turnover. Much of the functional variation in the microbiome could be attributed to variation in abundance of Bacteroidetes, rather than the two other abundant groups, the -Proteobacteria or Lactobacillales. We conclude that functional variation in the interactions between animals and their gut microbiome can be detectable in natural populations, and, in mycophagous Drosophila, this variation relates primarily to metabolism and homeostasis of the gut epithelium.