FINE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF PHEROMONE PLUMES MODULATES UPWIND ORIENTATION OF FLYING MOTHS
FINE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF PHEROMONE PLUMES MODULATES UPWIND ORIENTATION OF FLYING MOTHS
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DOI：
10.1038/369142a0
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发表时间：
1994-05-12
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
CARDE, RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MAFRANETO, A;CARDE, RT
在对蛾类逆风飞行到信息素源的研究中，注意力集中在化学信息的成分（1，2）和浓度（3，4）以及视觉环境（5，6）和风速（7-9）的变化对飞行方向的影响上。化学信号必须是间歇性的，才能让飞蛾逆风飞行（10-12），因为它们通常沿着之字形轨迹飞行，这是自我控制的反向转向程序的明显表现（13，14）。反向转向和视动趋风性的结合使昆虫能够在气味羽流中逆风飞行（10，15）。然而，并不是所有的蛾都能沿着羽毛沿着曲折前进（16，17）。有人认为，曲折或直逆风飞行的倾向与雄性遇到包含羽流的信息素细丝的频率有关，也与雄性的反应潜伏期有关，这是每种蛾类的特征，与细丝接触的开始和失去都有关（18）。在这里，我们提出的证据表明，飞行机动的男性与个人的气味脉冲的相互作用。我们使用Cadra cautella（杏仁蛾）来展示气味羽流的结构如何极大地改变飞行轨迹（19，20）。男性湍流或机械脉冲羽飞得更快，更直的逆风，更频繁地定位源比男性连续狭窄的羽流。雄性也会在逆风中更直地飞向快脉冲的羽流，而不是慢脉冲的羽流。因此，由羽流结构引起的反向转向和视动趋风之间的时间调制相互作用似乎可以解释C。cautella男性时，飞行逆风对信息素源。
IN studies of moths flying upwind to a pheromone source, attention has focused on the influence on flight orientation of the composition(1,2) and concentration(3,4) of the chemical message, and of changes in the visual environment(5,6) and in wind speeds(7-9). The chemical signal must be intermittent for moths to fly upwind(10-12), when they usually follow a zigzag track, the evident expression of a self-steered counterturning programme(13,14). The integration of counterturning and optomotor anemotaxis allows insects to polarize the zigzags upwind in odour plumes(10,15). Not all moths, however, zigzag along a plume(16,17). It has been suggested that the propensity to zigzag or to fly straight upwind is related to the frequency at which males encounter pheromone filaments that comprise the plume, as well as the male's latency of response, characteristic for each moth species, to both the onset and loss of contact with filaments(18). Here we present evidence that flight manoeuvres are dictated by the interactions of the male with individual odour pulses. We use Cadra cautella, the almond moth, to show how the structure of an odour plume(19,20) can greatly modify the flight track. Males following either turbulent or mechanically pulsed plumes fly faster and straighter upwind, and locate sources more frequently than males following continuous narrow plumes. Males also fly straighter upwind to fast-pulsed plumes than to slow-pulsed plumes. The temporally modulated interplay between counterturning and optomotor anemotaxis that is induced by the plume's structure therefore seems to explain the manoeuvres and resultant flight track shapes made by C. cautella males when flying upwind towards a pheromone source.