Effects ofBacillus subtilisand antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance, intestinal function and gut microbiota of pullets from 0 to 6 weeks
Effects ofBacillus subtilisand antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance, intestinal function and gut microbiota of pullets from 0 to 6 weeks
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DOI：
10.1017/s1751731120000191
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Yang, X. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Y. L.;Yan, T.;Yang, X. J.
雏鸡消化器官的发育和肠道菌群的建立在其一生中起着重要的作用。本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌（bacillus subtilis， BS）对0 ~ 6周龄雏鸡生长性能、肠道功能和肠道菌群的影响。选取1日龄海兰褐蛋鸡504只，按2 × 2因子设计随机分为4组饲粮：(1)基础饲粮组（对照组）；(2)抗生素组（AGP），基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg杆菌肽锌和4 mg/kg硫酸粘菌素；(3) BS组，在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg BS；(4)混合组，在基础饲粮中同时添加AGP和BS。由此可见，以BS为主要影响因素时，添加BS(1)降低了4 ~ 6周饲料系数（P< 0.05）；(2) 3周时十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度减小；(3)提高了3周龄十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度（V: C）比和6周龄空肠绒毛高度；(4)提高了3周龄十二指肠和6周龄空肠蔗糖酶mRNA表达量以及3周龄空肠麦芽糖酶和氨基肽酶表达量。当AGP被认为是主要作用时，AGP的补充(1)提高了3周龄回肠的V: C比值；(2) 3周时十二指肠和6周时回肠蔗糖酶mRNA表达升高，回肠麦芽糖酶表达升高。观察BS与AGP互作对仔猪4 ~ 6周平均日采食量和3周十二指肠蔗糖酶和空肠麦芽糖酶表达的影响。此外，饲粮中添加BS或AGP可改善3周时盲肠微生物多样性，且BS与AGP对Shannon指数和Simpson指数存在交互作用（P< 0.05）。在属水平上，乳酸菌的相对丰度在混合组3周和BS组6周时均较高。此外，在饲粮中添加BS的幼崽中，厌氧菌、去盐菌和螺旋体也被发现是优势属。综上所述，BS可以改善肠道形态，改变消化酶的相对表达和盲肠菌群，从而提高营养物质的利用效率。我们的研究结果表明，在本研究中，BS可能比AGP有更多的有益作用，这将为BS在蛋鸡中的应用提供理论依据和新的见解。
The development of digestive organs and the establishment of gut microbiota in pullets play an important role throughout life. This study was conducted to investigate the effects ofBacillus subtilis(BS) on growth performance, intestinal function and gut microbiota in pullets from 0 to 6 weeks of age. Hy-line Brown laying hens (1-day-old,n= 504) were randomly allotted into four diets with a 2 x 2 factorial design: (1) basal diet group (control); (2) antibiotics group (AGP), the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg Bacitracin Zinc and 4 mg/kg Colistin Sulphate; (3) BS group, the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg BS and (4) mixed group, the basal diet supplemented with both AGP and BS. As a result, when BS was considered the main effect, BS addition (1) reduced the feed conversion ratio at 4 to 6 weeks (P< 0.05); (2) decreased duodenal and jejunal crypt depth at 3 weeks; (3) increased the villus height : crypt depth (V : C) ratio in the duodenum at 3 weeks and jejunal villus height at 6 weeks and (4) increased sucrase mRNA expression in the duodenum at 3 weeks as well as the jejunum at 6 weeks, and jejunal maltase and aminopeptidase expression at 3 weeks. When AGP was considered the main effect, AGP supplementation (1) increased the V : C ratio in the ileum at 3 weeks of age; (2) increased sucrase mRNA expression in the duodenum at 3 weeks as well as the ileum at 6 weeks, and increased maltase expression in the ileum. The BS x AGP interaction was observed to affect average daily feed intake at 4 to 6 weeks, and duodenal sucrase and jejunal maltase expression at 3 weeks. Furthermore, dietary BS or AGP addition improved caecal microbial diversity at 3 weeks, and a BS x AGP interaction was observed (P< 0.05) for the Shannon and Simpson indexes. At the genus level, the relative abundance ofLactobacilluswas found to be higher in the mixed group at 3 weeks and in the BS group at 6 weeks. Moreover,Anaerostipes,DehalobacteriumandOscillospirawere also found to be dominant genera in pullets with dietary BS addition. In conclusion, BS could improve intestinal morphology and change digestive enzyme relative expression and caecum microbiota, thereby increasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization. Our findings suggested that BS might have more beneficial effects than AGP in the study, which would provide theoretical evidence and new insight into BS application in layer pullets.