Ecological and Evolutionary Determinants of Bark Beetle -Fungus Symbioses.
Ecological and Evolutionary Determinants of Bark Beetle -Fungus Symbioses.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/insects3010339
复制
发表时间：
2012-03-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Six DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Six DL
树皮甲虫（象甲科、小蜂亚科）和真菌（主要是蛇口子囊菌）之间的外共生广泛且多样。关联的范围从互惠到共生，从兼性到义务。有些真菌具有高度特异性，仅与单一甲虫物种相关，而另一些真菌则可以与多种甲虫物种相关。此外，大多数共生体是多部分的，宿主甲虫与两个或多个一致的伙伴相关。真菌是甲虫外皮的结构，具有真菌运输的功能，在小蜂亚科中已经进化了无数次。这种复杂、专门结构的进化表明甲虫及其真菌伙伴之间存在高度的相互依赖。不幸的是，人们对形成当今甲虫-真菌共生关系的过程仍然知之甚少。系统发育、对伙伴的依赖程度和类型、共生体的传播方式（垂直与水平）、非生物环境的影响以及共生体本身或与生物群落其他成员之间的相互作用，都在确定甲虫及其真菌伙伴之间的组成、保真度和寿命方面发挥着重要作用。在这篇评论中，我概述了这些关联，并讨论了进化和生态过程如何协调一致地形成这些迷人、复杂的共生关系。
Ectosymbioses among bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and fungi (primarily ophiostomatoid Ascomycetes) are widespread and diverse. Associations range from mutualistic to commensal, and from facultative to obligate. Some fungi are highly specific and associated only with a single beetle species, while others can be associated with many. In addition, most of these symbioses are multipartite, with the host beetle associated with two or more consistent partners. Mycangia, structures of the beetle integument that function in fungal transport, have evolved numerous times in the Scolytinae. The evolution of such complex, specialized structures indicates a high degree of mutual dependence among the beetles and their fungal partners. Unfortunately, the processes that shaped current day beetle-fungus symbioses remain poorly understood. Phylogeny, the degree and type of dependence on partners, mode of transmission of symbionts (vertical vs. horizontal), effects of the abiotic environment, and interactions among symbionts themselves or with other members of the biotic community, all play important roles in determining the composition, fidelity, and longevity of associations between beetles and their fungal associates. In this review, I provide an overview of these associations and discuss how evolution and ecological processes acted in concert to shape these fascinating, complex symbioses.