Sexual selection is influenced by both developmental and adult environments
Sexual selection is influenced by both developmental and adult environments
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.12526
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Miller, Christine W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillespie, Stephanie R.;Tudor, M. Scarlett;Miller, Christine W.
性选择通常被认为是强烈和一致的，然而越来越多的研究表明，它可以在空间和时间上波动。很少有实验研究考察自然环境变化对性选择的影响。在这里，我们使用资源质量的差异来测试过去的环境条件和当前的环境条件对雄性和雌性选择的影响，以及由此产生的选择梯度。我们用天然的高质量和低质量的饲料饲养幼崽，用带和不带成熟仙人掌果实的仙人掌垫饲养。新的成虫再次被分配一个带或不带水果的仙人掌垫，与潜在的配偶配对，并观察交配行为。我们发现，发育和成人遭遇环境影响了交配决定和由此产生的性选择模式，无论是男性还是女性。雄性在低质量的相遇环境中不挑剔，仙人掌不结果实，但在高质量的相遇环境中它们避免与小雌性交配。雌性在两个相遇的环境中都很挑剔，避免与体型较小的雄性交配。然而，当他们处于低质量的遭遇环境中时，他们是最挑剔的。女性的配偶选择也受男性发展环境的影响。当雌性仙人掌处于有果实的仙人掌环境中时，雌性更有可能与在有果实的仙人掌上发育的雄性交配。当雌性仙人掌在没有果实的环境中时，这种模式消失了。总而言之，这些结果从实验上证明了男性和女性的择偶行为都依赖于情境。此外，我们还证明，资源的简单季节性变化会导致性选择的波动。
Sexual selection is often assumed to be strong and consistent, yet increasing research shows it can fluctuate over space and time. Few experimental studies have examined changes in sexual selection in response to natural environmental variation. Here, we use a difference in resource quality to test for the influence of past environmental conditions and current environmental conditions on male and female mate choice and resulting selection gradients for leaf-footed cactus bugs, Narnia femorata. We raised juveniles on natural high- and low-quality diets, cactus pads with and without ripe cactus fruits. New adults were again assigned a cactus pad with or without fruit, paired with a potential mate, and observed for mating behaviors. We found developmental and adult encounter environments affected mating decisions and the resulting patterns of sexual selection for both males and females. Males were not choosy in the low-quality encounter environment, cactus without fruit, but they avoided mating with small females in the high-quality encounter environment. Females were choosy in both encounter environments, avoiding mating with small males. However, they were the choosiest when they were in the low-quality encounter environment. Female mate choice was also context dependent by male developmental environment. Females were more likely to mate with males that had developed on cactus with fruit when they were currently in the cactus with fruit environment. This pattern disappeared when females were in the cactus without fruit environment. Altogether, these results experimentally demonstrate context-dependent mate choice by both males and females. Furthermore, we demonstrate that simple, seasonal changes in resources can lead to fluctuations in sexual selection.