Intestinal microbiota composition in fishes is influenced by host ecology and environment.
Intestinal microbiota composition in fishes is influenced by host ecology and environment.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05646.x
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Rawls JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wong S;Rawls JF
脊椎动物的消化道由复杂的微生物组合定殖，统称为肠道微生物群。最近的研究揭示了肠道微生物群对脊椎动物健康和疾病的重要贡献，激发了人们对了解肠道微生物群落如何组装以及它们如何影响宿主适应性的强烈兴趣。虽然所有脊椎动物都有肠道微生物群，但目前关于微生物群组成和功能的信息主要来自哺乳动物。不同哺乳动物物种的比较揭示了肠道微生物群组成与宿主饮食，解剖学和生殖学之间的有趣关联。然而，哺乳动物占所有脊椎动物物种的不到10%，目前还不清楚是否在更多样和更古老的脊椎动物谱系（如鱼类）中存在类似的关联。在这个问题上，对确定鱼类肠道微生物群组成的因素做出了重要贡献。作者对来自不同鱼类肠道的25种细菌16S rRNA基因序列文库进行了详细的荟萃分析。为了提供更广泛的分析背景，他们将这些数据集与来自不同自由生活和宿主相关细菌群落的大量16S rRNA基因序列数据集进行了比较。他们的研究结果表明，鱼类肠道微生物群组成的变化与物种栖息地盐度，营养水平和可能的分类密切相关。对来自鱼肠道和其他环境的数据集进行比较后发现，鱼肠道微生物群的组成通常与其他动物相似，并且含有相对较少的自由生活的环境细菌。这些结果表明，鱼类的肠道微生物群的组成是不是一个简单的反映微生物在其当地的栖息地，但可能会导致从主机特定的选择性压力在肠道内。
The digestive tracts of vertebrates are colonized by complex assemblages of micro-organisms, collectively called the gut microbiota. Recent studies have revealed important contributions of gut microbiota to vertebrate health and disease, stimulating intense interest in understanding how gut microbial communities are assembled and how they impact host fitness. Although all vertebrates harbour a gut microbiota, current information on microbiota composition and function has been derived primarily from mammals. Comparisons of different mammalian species have revealed intriguing associations between gut microbiota composition and host diet, anatomy and phylogeny. However, mammals constitute <10% of all vertebrate species, and it remains unclear whether similar associations exist in more diverse and ancient vertebrate lineages such as fish. In this issue, make an important contribution toward identifying factors determining gut microbiota composition in fishes. The authors conducted a detailed meta-analysis of 25 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence libraries derived from the intestines of different fish species. To provide a broader context for their analysis, they compared these data sets to a large collection of 16S rRNA gene sequence data sets from diverse free-living and host-associated bacterial communities. Their results suggest that variation in gut microbiota composition in fishes is strongly correlated with species habitat salinity, trophic level and possibly taxonomy. Comparison of data sets from fish intestines and other environments revealed that fish gut microbiota compositions are often similar to those of other animals and contain relatively few free-living environmental bacteria. These results suggest that the gut microbiota composition of fishes is not a simple reflection of the micro-organisms in their local habitat but may result from host-specific selective pressures within the gut.