Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota
Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota
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DOI：
10.1890/13-1821.1
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
van der Heijden, Marcel G. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohl, Luise;Oehl, Fritz;van der Heijden, Marcel G. A.
众所周知，农业实践改变了土壤微生物群落的组成和多样性。然而，改变土壤微生物群落对农业生态系统功能的影响仍然知之甚少。早期的研究表明，土壤耕作大大改变了微生物群落的组成。在这里，我们测试，使用实验草地（黑麦草，三叶草，车前）作为一个模型系统，无论是从传统耕作（CT）和非耕作（NT）土壤的土壤微生物群落对植物生产力和养分的收购有不同的影响。我们特别关注丛枝菌根真菌（AMF），因为它们是一组有益的土壤真菌，可以促进植物生产力和生态系统功能，也强烈地受到耕作管理的影响。从CT土壤社区增加整体生物量的生产比土壤社区从NT土壤。这主要是由于CT微生物对三叶草的生长有显著的促进作用。与CT土壤接种物相比，NT土壤接种物增加了植物磷浓度和植物全磷含量，表明NT土壤微生物群落增强了磷的吸收。AM真菌群落组成的差异导致了NT土壤中AM真菌菌丝长度比CT高出一倍，这可能是NT土壤和CT土壤中AM真菌对接种物反应不同的原因。我们的研究结果表明，这种增强的磷吸收增强菌丝长度和改变AM真菌群落的结果。我们的研究结果进一步表明，农业管理措施间接影响生态系统服务和植物群落结构，通过对土壤生物区系的影响。
It is well established that agricultural practices alter the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. However, the impact of changing soil microbial communities on the functioning of the agroecosystems is still poorly understood. Earlier work showed that soil tillage drastically altered microbial community composition. Here we tested, using an experimental grassland (Lolium, Trifolium, Plantago) as a model system, whether soil microbial communities from conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (NT) soils have different influences on plant productivity and nutrient acquisition. We specifically focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as they are a group of beneficial soil fungi that can promote plant productivity and ecosystem functioning and are also strongly affected by tillage management.Soil microbial communities from CT and NT soils varied greatly in their effects on the grassland communities. Communities from CT soil increased overall biomass production more than soil communities from NT soil. This effect was mainly due to a significant growth promotion of Trifolium by CT microorganisms. In contrast to CT soil inoculum, NT soil inoculum increased plant phosphorus concentration and total plant P content, demonstrating that the soil microbial communities from NT fields enhance P uptake. Differences in AM fungal community composition resulting, for instance, in twofold greater hyphal length in NT soil communities when compared to CT, are the most likely explanation for the different plant responses to CT and NT soil inocula.A range of field studies have shown that plant P uptake increases when farmers change to conservation tillage or direct seeding. Our results indicate that this enhanced P uptake results from enhanced hyphal length and an altered AM fungal community. Our results further demonstrate that agricultural management practices indirectly influence ecosystem services and plant community structure through effects on soil biota.