Real-time Bleeding Simulation Based on Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method
Real-time Bleeding Simulation Based on Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method
复制标题
基于运动粒子半隐式方法的实时出血模拟
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Kosugi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Mukai;Norio Nishimura;M. Kosugi
计算机图形学和虚拟现实技术使我们能够开发一些医疗系统，如术前规划，术中导航和手术模拟系统。针对人体的每个部分的训练是可用的，这些部分是头部、眼睛、肝脏、骨骼等;然而，血管变形或出血的实时模拟对于当前系统是不可用的。血管是人体最重要的器官之一，分布在身体的各个部位。另一方面，利用流体力学进行流体模拟的研究也很多。它们的目标是实现具有许多颗粒的流体行为的精确结果，并且需要大量的计算时间进行模拟。因此，很难实时可视化流体模拟。为此，本文提出了一种基于移动粒子半隐式（MPS）方法的实时出血仿真方法。流体模拟通常采用Navier-Stokes方程。对于不可压缩流体，如血液，恒定的密度条件是必要的，它需要大量的时间来计算每个粒子的位置。本文提出了一种修改粒子位置以满足常密度条件的方法，以及一种利用散列函数将三维空间映射到一维存储阵列的快速搜索邻域粒子的方法。本文还提出了一种由多个小球体组成的血液表面的光滑绘制方法。作为一些实验的结果，在粒子数低于3，000的条件下，手术模拟器的出血实时可视化已经成为可能。
Computer graphics and virtual reality technologies have enables us to develop several medical systems such as preoperative planning, intra-operative navigation and surgical simulation systems. The training for each part of human bodies is available, which parts are head, eye, liver, bone and so on; however, real-time simulation of blood vessel deformation or bleeding is not available with the present systems. Blood vessels are one of the most important organs and placed everywhere in the body. On the other hand, there have been many researches for fluid simulation using hydrodynamics. They aim to achieve the precise result of fluid behavior with many particles and take huge calculation time for the simulation. As the result, it is too difficult to visualize the fluid simulation in real-time. Therefore, this paper describes the method of real-time bleeding simulation based on Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method. Fluid simulation is usually performed on Navier-Stokes equation. For incompressible fluid such as blood, constant density condition is necessary and it takes huge amount of time to calculate each particle position. This paper suggests a method to modify particle positions in order to satisfy constant density condition, and a fast method searching for neighborhood particles by using hash function, which maps 3 dimensional space to 1 dimensional memory array. This paper also suggests a smooth rendering method of blood surface, which is composed of many small spheres. As the result of some experiments, real-time visualization of bleeding for surgical simulators has become possible under the condition that the particle number is under 3,000.