Recreational drug use among individuals living with HIV in Europe: review of the prevalence, comparison with the general population and HIV guidelines recommendations.
Recreational drug use among individuals living with HIV in Europe: review of the prevalence, comparison with the general population and HIV guidelines recommendations.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2015.00690
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Trilla A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garin N;Velasco C;De Pourcq JT;Lopez B;Gutierrez Mdel M;Haro JM;Feliu A;Mangues MA;Trilla A
背景：在使用娱乐性药物的艾滋病毒感染者中观察到了依从性问题、相互作用和较高的风险活动率。我们的目的是描述欧洲HIV感染者和普通人群中的娱乐性药物使用，并评估HIV指南在多大程度上解决了这个问题。研究方法：欧洲娱乐性毒品使用的数据来自欧洲毒品和毒品成瘾监测中心的一般人群，并通过Pubmed搜索。对于艾滋病患者。我们评估了将娱乐性药物问题纳入艾滋病毒治疗指南的以下主题：（a）娱乐性药物;（B）坚持抗逆转录病毒药物;（c）相互作用;（d）传播风险。准则包括：世界卫生组织;欧洲艾滋病临床学会;美国卫生与公众服务部;国际抗病毒协会-美国;以及七项欧洲国家指南。结果：29个国家报告了一般人群中的娱乐性药物使用情况。大麻的流行率最高（即，在西班牙、法国和捷克共和国占8-10%），其次是可卡因、安非他明和摇头丸。系统性综述中选择的13项研究显示，HIV人群中娱乐性药物使用的差异很大。除了传统的娱乐性药物外，我们还发现了包括性体验增强剂在内的新型药物的相关使用。在一些研究中，多种药物的消耗量约为50%。大多数准则包括关于娱乐性药物的一般信息，在纳入评价主题方面存在很大差异。我们发现了更具体的，基于证据的相互作用建议，其次是药物依从性和传播风险。结论：关于艾滋病毒感染者的现有数据表明，娱乐性药物的使用率高于一般人群，这已经具有相关性。然而，大多数准则都应包括或更彻底地解决娱乐性毒品问题。
Background: Adherence problems, interactions and higher rate of risk activities have been observed in HIV individuals using recreational drugs. Our aim was to describe recreational drug use in both HIV individuals and general population in Europe, and to assess at what extent HIV guidelines address this issue. Methods: Data on recreational drug use across Europe were obtained from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction for the general population, and through Pubmed search. for HIV patients. We assessed the incorporation of recreational drug issues in HIV treatment guidelines for the following topics: (a) recreational drugs; (b) adherence to antiretrovirals; (c) interactions; (d) transmission risk. Guidelines included: World Health Organization; European Aids Clinical Society; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; International Antiviral Society-USA; and seven European national guidelines. Results: 29 countries reported recreational drug use in general population. The highest prevalences were observed for Cannabis (i.e., 8–10% in Spain, France, and Czech Republic) followed by cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy. The 13 studies selected in the systematic review showed a great variability in recreational drug use on the HIV population. Apart from classical recreational drugs, we found a relevant use of new drugs including sexual experience enhancers. Polydrug consumption was about 50% in some studies. Most guidelines included general information about recreational drugs, showing great variability on the inclusion of the evaluated topics. We found more specific, evidence-based recommendations on interactions, followed by medication adherence and transmission risk. Conclusions: Available data on the people living with HIV suggest a higher use of recreational drugs than in the general population, which is already relevant. However, recreational drug issues should be included or addressed more thoroughly in most guidelines.