Diversity and feeding strategies of soil microfauna along elevation gradients in Himalayan cold deserts.
Diversity and feeding strategies of soil microfauna along elevation gradients in Himalayan cold deserts.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0187646
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Doležal J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Devetter M;Háněl L;Řeháková K;Doležal J
西藏和喜马拉雅山的高海拔寒冷沙漠是最极端的环境之一。其后果之一是，这种环境中大型动物的多样性往往有限，而土壤微生物在控制关键的地表和地下生物过程方面具有更大的影响力。高海拔土壤微型动物是寒冷生态系统的重要组成部分，也是微生物群落的主要消费者。仍然很少有人知道他们的多样性和分布的边缘，他们的生殖和代谢能力。在这项研究中，我们解开海拔和土壤化学对轮虫，线虫和缓步动物的多样性和分布的影响，以及他们最常见的喂养策略（微生物滤食，细菌，真菌，根真菌饲养，杂食动物）沿着两个对比的海拔梯度在印度西北喜马拉雅山（Zanskar样带从3805到4714米a.s.l.）。和西藏西南部（Tso Moriri样带，海拔4477 - 6176 m），使用多变量分析、变异划分和广义加性模型的组合。Zanskar样带比干燥的Tso Moriri样带具有更高的降水量、土壤水分、有机质和速效养分。共发现线虫40种，轮虫19种，缓步动物1种。轮虫和线虫的物种丰富度和总丰度在两个调查样带中均呈中海拔高峰。轮虫的最佳被发现在较高的海拔比线虫。土壤氮、磷和有机质是微型土壤动物多样性和分布的最好解释。更肥沃的土壤承载着更多样化和丰富的动物群落。在Tso Moriri中，食细菌动物占所有线虫的60%，食真菌动物占35%，根真菌饲养者占1%，杂食动物占3%。Zanskar的比例分别为21%、13%、56%和9%。Zanskar的不同取食策略的海拔最适值出现在一个海拔带（4400-4500 m），而Tso Moriri的每种取食策略都有其独特的最适值，其中食菌动物在5300 m（草原），食菌动物在5500 m（高山草原），滤食性动物在5600 m，捕食者和杂食动物在5700 m以上（亚无尾带）。我们的研究结果揭示了在高海拔寒冷的沙漠中的微型动物的多样性，并解开不同的生态过滤器在快速变暖的喜马拉雅山构造微型动物群落的作用。
High-elevation cold deserts in Tibet and Himalaya are one of the most extreme environments. One consequence is that the diversity of macrofauna in this environment is often limited, and soil microorganisms have a more influential role in governing key surface and subsurface bioprocesses. High-elevation soil microfauna represent important components of cold ecosystems and dominant consumers of microbial communities. Still little is known about their diversity and distribution on the edge of their reproductive and metabolic abilities. In this study, we disentangle the impact of elevation and soil chemistry on diversity and distribution of rotifers, nematodes and tardigrades and their most frequent feeding strategies (microbial filter-feeders, bacterivores, fungivores, root-fungal feeders, omnivores) along two contrasting altitudinal gradients in Indian NW Himalaya (Zanskar transect from 3805 to 4714 m a.s.l.) and southwestern Tibet (Tso Moriri transect from 4477 to 6176 m a.s.l.), using a combination of multivariate analysis, variation partitioning and generalized additive models. Zanskar transect had higher precipitation, soil moisture, organic matter and available nutrients than dry Tso Moriri transect. In total, 40 species of nematodes, 19 rotifers and 1 tardigrade were discovered. Species richness and total abundance of rotifers and nematodes showed mid-elevation peaks in both investigated transects. The optimum for rotifers was found at higher elevation than for nematodes. Diversity and distribution of soil microfauna was best explained by soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. More fertile soils hosted more diverse and abundant faunal communities. In Tso Moriri, bacterivores represented 60% of all nematodes, fungivores 35%, root-fungal feeders 1% and omnivores 3%. For Zanskar the respective proportions were 21%, 13%, 56% and 9%. Elevational optima of different feeding strategies occurred in Zanskar in one elevation zone (4400–4500 m), while in Tso Moriri each feeding strategy had their unique optima with fungivores at 5300 m (steppes), bacterivores at 5500 m (alpine grassland), filter-feeders at 5600 m and predators and omnivores above 5700 m (subnival zone). Our results shed light on the diversity of microfauna in the high-elevation cold deserts and disentangle the role of different ecological filters in structuring microfaunal communities in the rapidly-warming Himalayas.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Bongers, T
通讯作者：
Bongers, T
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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作者：
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Řeháková K
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作者：
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