Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Induces Beneficial Adaptations in the Extracellular Matrix of Quadriceps Muscle After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection of Rats
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Induces Beneficial Adaptations in the Extracellular Matrix of Quadriceps Muscle After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection of Rats
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DOI：
10.1097/phm.0000000000000110
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Salvini, Tania Fatima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Quagliotti Durigan, Joao Luiz;Peviani, Sabrina Messa;Salvini, Tania Fatima
目的：本研究的目的是评估神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）对大鼠前交叉韧带（ACL）切断后股四头肌细胞外基质重塑的影响。本研究的假设是，ACL横断将通过增加结缔组织（CT）积累和四头肌IV型胶原蛋白的净降解诱导细胞外基质的适应不良修饰。此外，在ACL横断后立即应用于股四头肌的临床样NMES将减少CT含量的积累和IV型胶原的净降解。ACL（手术和ACL横断），假手术（手术不进行ACL横断）、ACLES（手术、ACL横断和NMES）、ShamES（手术不进行ACL横断，但NMES）和对照（完整动物）。在术后1、2、3、7和15天采集股四头肌的股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌。结果：前交叉韧带切断后，CT含量、MMP-2 mRNA水平升高，IV型胶原mRNA和蛋白水平降低。第7天，NMES使所有肌肉的CT密度最小化，并主要降低股外侧肌中的MMP-2 mRNA水平。此外，IV型胶原mRNA水平增加，在所有的肌肉中，在7天，作为蛋白质水平仅在15天，在NMES groups.Conclusions：这项研究表明，ACL横断增加CT含量和MMP-2 mRNA水平，并诱导基底膜的快速变化，导致净降解的IV型胶原在ACL损伤后的前2周。此外，临床样NMES最小化CT密度的积累，调节MMP-2 mRNA水平，并增加IV型胶原mRNA和蛋白水平。
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the extracellular matrix remodeling of the quadriceps muscle after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in rats. The hypothesis of this study was that ACL transection would induce maladaptive modifications in the extracellular matrix through the increase in connective tissue (CT) accumulation and net degradation of type IV collagen of the quadriceps muscle. In addition, clinical-like NMES, applied to the quadriceps muscle immediately after the ACL transection, would reduce the accumulation of the CT content and net degradation of type IV collagen.Design: Wistar male rats were randomized into five different groups: ACL (surgery and ACL transection), Sham (surgery without ACL transection), ACLES (surgery, ACL transection, and NMES), ShamES (surgery without ACL transection, but NMES), and Control (intact animals). The vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis muscles of the quadriceps were harvested 1, 2, 3, 7, and 15 days after surgery. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (messenger RNA [mRNA] levels and activity), collagen IV (mRNA and protein levels), and CT density were assessed.Results: The ACL transection increased the CT content and MMP-2 mRNA levels and decreased collagen IV mRNA and protein levels. NMES minimized the CT density in all muscles and reduced the MMP-2 mRNA levels mainly in the vastus lateralis muscle at 7 days. Moreover, type IV collagen mRNA levels were increased in all muscles at 7 days, as was the protein level only at 15 days, in the NMES groups.Conclusions: This study showed that ACL transection increases CT content and MMP-2 mRNA levels and induces rapid changes in basement membranes, causing net degradation of type IV collagen during the first 2 wks after ACL injury. Furthermore, clinical-like NMES minimized the accumulation of CT density, regulated the MMP-2 mRNA levels, and increased both type IV collagen mRNA and protein levels.