Assembly and analysis of a qingke reference genome demonstrate its close genetic relation to modern cultivated barley.

Assembly and analysis of a qingke reference genome demonstrate its close genetic relation to modern cultivated barley.
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青科参考基因组的组装和分析表明其与现代栽培大麦的密切亲缘关系

DOI:
10.1111/pbi.12826
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发表时间:
2018-03
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
Zhang G
Zhang G
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dai F;Wang X;Zhang XQ;Chen Z;Nevo E;Jin G;Wu D;Li C;Zhang G

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青稞是青藏高原青稞的当地名称,是藏族人的主食。其参考基因组序列的可用性可能有助于育种和分子进化的研究。利用第三代测序仪(PacBio),我们从头组装了一个4.84-Gb的青壳,cv. Zangqing 320,并将4.59-Gb序列锚定到7条染色体上。在46,787个注释的“高置信度”基因中,31,564个通过具有广泛遗传多样性的39个野生和栽培大麦基因型的RNA测序数据进行了验证,并且结果也得到了NCBI非冗余蛋白质数据库的证实。由于PacBio reads在Zangqing 320参考基因组中覆盖了Morex参考基因组中的一些空白,因此我们认为Zangqing 320基因组为Morex基因组提供了有用的补充。以青壳大麦的基因组为参照,进行了基因组比较,揭示了青壳大麦(cv. Morex)和无壳大麦(cv. Zangqing 320),这得到了两个基因组中低多样性区域的有力支持。从Morex的育种系谱出发,探讨了Morex的起源,并进一步证明了现代栽培大麦与青稞的基因组亲缘关系。鉴于青壳与现代栽培大麦之间的基因组关系和巨大的遗传多样性,我们认为青壳可以为大麦的改良提供优良基因。
Qingke, the local name of hulless barley in the Tibetan Plateau, is a staple food for Tibetans. The availability of its reference genome sequences could be useful for studies on breeding and molecular evolution. Taking advantage of the third‐generation sequencer (PacBio), we de novo assembled a 4.84‐Gb genome sequence of qingke, cv. Zangqing320 and anchored a 4.59‐Gb sequence to seven chromosomes. Of the 46,787 annotated ‘high‐confidence’ genes, 31 564 were validated by RNA‐sequencing data of 39 wild and cultivated barley genotypes with wide genetic diversity, and the results were also confirmed by nonredundant protein database from NCBI. As some gaps in the reference genome of Morex were covered in the reference genome of Zangqing320 by PacBio reads, we believe that the Zangqing320 genome provides the useful supplements for the Morex genome. Using the qingke genome as a reference, we conducted a genome comparison, revealing a close genetic relationship between a hulled barley (cv. Morex) and a hulless barley (cv. Zangqing320), which is strongly supported by the low‐diversity regions in the two genomes. Considering the origin of Morex from its breeding pedigree, we then demonstrated a close genomic relationship between modern cultivated barley and qingke. Given this genomic relationship and the large genetic diversity between qingke and modern cultivated barley, we propose that qingke could provide elite genes for barley improvement.
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