GENETICS OF MOUSE HEMOGLOBINS *
GENETICS OF MOUSE HEMOGLOBINS *
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小鼠血红蛋白的遗传学 *
DOI：
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发表时间：
1974
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
E. Mcfarland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Russell;E. Mcfarland
目前，家鼠的遗传分析和遗传操作能力比任何其他实验哺乳动物都要大得多。从244种不同的近交系小鼠中可以获得各种各样的遗传同质材料。“这种品种使得通过汇集来自同一近交系的大量小鼠的血液来对血红蛋白进行结构分析成为可能，并期望其他研究人员可以随时获得相同的研究材料进行进一步分析。关于家鼠的正式遗传学的知识也相当广泛;在453个不同的遗传基因座上已识别出突变等位基因，其中275个位于19个连锁群中。最近已将其中大多数与20条染色体中的特定染色体相关联，所有这些都已被细胞学鉴定。3这种丰富的背景遗传知识表明，对血红蛋白结构和遗传学在老鼠身上可能特别有成效。我们希望通过尽可能简洁地介绍有关控制成年小鼠血红蛋白a和B链结构的基因的当前知识状态，将这种潜力带回家给特别相关的观众。我们将讨论一级结构，但也将处理实际的形式遗传学，特别是因为这涉及到我们的哺乳动物单位基因的概念。小鼠胚胎血红蛋白的变异也将简要讨论，但当然没有什么可以说不同的野生血红蛋白，因为它是值得怀疑的，如果这些存在于小鼠。这里总结的大部分材料已经在其他地方详细发表过，正如P0 pp，~9 Glucksohn-Waelsch，6 Russell和伯恩斯坦，以及Russell和同事们的评论所指出的那样。[8]确定多肽链一级结构的详细物理化学研究必须使用完全不同的方法，而不是同样详细的育种试验来寻找遗传连锁的证据。你们都充分意识到一级结构分析需要时间、技巧、耐心和大量具有相同一级结构的血红蛋白的可靠供应。正式的遗传研究需要快速、万无一失的方法来将特定的基因型分配给分离群体中的单个个体，因此必须使用指纹或测序以外的技术。本文介绍了一种新的省时方法及其应用的初步成果，即建立小鼠成体血红蛋白α链位点控制结构的连锁关系的关键数据。
The power of genetic analysis and genetic manipulation is at present considerably greater for the house mouse than for any other experimental mammal. A great variety of genetically homogeneous material is available in the form of mice from 244 different inbred strains.' This variety makes possible structural analysis of hemoglobins through pooling of blood from large numbers of mice from the same inbred strain, with the expectation that other investigators can at any time obtain identical research material for further analysis. Knowledge of the formal genetics of house mice is also quite extensive; mutant alleles have been recognized at 453 different genetic loci, of which 275 have been located in 19 linkage groups.z Most of these have recently been correlated with specific ones of the 20 chromosomes, all of which have been identified cytologically.3 This richness of background genetic knowledge demonstrates that studies of hemoglobin structure and genetics may be particularly fruitful in mice. We hope to bring this potentiality home to this particularly pertinent audience by covering as succinctly as possible the current state of knowledge concerning genes controlling the structures of both a and B chains of adult mouse hemoglobins. We will discuss primary structures, but will also deal with practical formal genetics, especially as this relates to our concepts of mammalian unit genes. Variations in mouse embryonic hemoglobins will also be discussed briefly, but of course nothing can be said about distinct feral hemoglobins, since it is doubtful if these exist in the mouse. Most of the material summarized here has been published at length elsewhere, as indicated in reviews by P0pp,~9 Glucksohn-Waelsch,6 Russell and Bernstein,' and Russell and colleagues.8* Quite different methods must be used for detailed physical chemical studies determining primary structure of a polypeptide chain than for equally detailed breeding tests searching for evidence of genetic linkage. You are all amply aware that primary structure analysis requires time, skill, patience, , and a reliable supply of lots of hemoglobin with the same primary structure. Formal genetic studies require rapid, foolproof methods for assigning a specific genotype to a single individual in a segregating population, so that techniques other than fingerprinting or sequencing must be used. We have chosen to present in this paper one new timesaving method, with the firstfruits of its application; namely, critical data establishing linkage relations of the locus controlling structure of the mouse adult hemoglobin a chain.