Urbilaterian origin of paralogous GnRH and corazonin neuropeptide signalling pathways.
Urbilaterian origin of paralogous GnRH and corazonin neuropeptide signalling pathways.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep28788
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发表时间：
2016-06-28
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Elphick MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tian S;Zandawala M;Beets I;Baytemur E;Slade SE;Scrivens JH;Elphick MR
促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）是人类和其他脊椎动物生殖成熟的关键调节因子。在无脊椎动物中已经发现了GnRH及其同源受体的同源物，例如，节肢动物中的脂肪动力激素（AKH）和corazonin（CRZ）神经肽途径。然而，这些信号系统的精确进化关系和起源仍然未知。在这里，我们已经解决了这个问题的第一个识别的GnRH型和CRZ型信号系统的后口棘皮动物（海星）红海星。我们已经鉴定了一种能特异性激活A. rubens GnRH型受体和一种新的神经肽（HNTFTMGGQNRWKAG-NH 2）特异性激活A. Rubens CRZ型受体。随着这些配体-受体对的发现，我们证明了脊椎动物/后口类GnRH型和原口类AKH系统是orthopathy和旁系同源CRZ型信号系统的起源可以追溯到共同的祖先的Bilateria（Urbilateria）。
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key regulator of reproductive maturation in humans and other vertebrates. Homologs of GnRH and its cognate receptor have been identified in invertebrates–for example, the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and corazonin (CRZ) neuropeptide pathways in arthropods. However, the precise evolutionary relationships and origins of these signalling systems remain unknown. Here we have addressed this issue with the first identification of both GnRH-type and CRZ-type signalling systems in a deuterostome–the echinoderm (starfish) Asterias rubens. We have identified a GnRH-like neuropeptide (pQIHYKNPGWGPG-NH2) that specifically activates an A. rubens GnRH-type receptor and a novel neuropeptide (HNTFTMGGQNRWKAG-NH2) that specifically activates an A. rubens CRZ-type receptor. With the discovery of these ligand-receptor pairs, we demonstrate that the vertebrate/deuterostomian GnRH-type and the protostomian AKH systems are orthologous and the origin of a paralogous CRZ-type signalling system can be traced to the common ancestor of the Bilateria (Urbilateria).