The Dark Side of Self-Affirmation: Confirmation Bias and Illusory Correlation in Response to Threatening Information
The Dark Side of Self-Affirmation: Confirmation Bias and Illusory Correlation in Response to Threatening Information
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自我肯定的阴暗面：对威胁信息的反应中的确认偏差和虚幻相关
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Jessica A. Stansbury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Munro;Jessica A. Stansbury
探讨了自我肯定对推理偏差的影响。在参与者写下对他们来说重要的价值（自我肯定）或对他们来说不重要的价值（没有肯定）之后，他们使用通常用于研究确认偏差的任务（研究1）来测试假设，并评估2 × 2频率表中的数据的相关性（研究2）。在这两项任务中，参与者评估了一个假设的有效性，这个假设对他们的自我概念有威胁性或非威胁性的影响。与自我肯定的参与者或测试非威胁性假设的参与者相比，测试威胁性假设的非肯定参与者表现出的确认偏差较少（研究1），并且更准确地评估相关性（研究2）。结果支持模型的动机推理，提出信息处理的威胁性信息的反应改变。通过改善威胁，自我肯定可以引出不太有效的推理策略。
The effect of self-affirmation on reasoning biases was explored. After participants wrote about a value that was important to them (self-affirmation) or a value that was not important to them (no affirmation), they tested a hypothesis using a task commonly used to study the confirmation bias (Study 1) and assessed correlation from data presented in a 2 × 2 frequency table (Study 2). In both tasks, participants assessed the validity of a hypothesis that had either threatening or nonthreatening implications for their self-concepts. Nonaffirmed participants who tested threatening hypotheses exhibited the confirmation bias less frequently (Study 1) and assessed correlation more accurately (Study 2) than self-affirmed participants or participants who tested nonthreatening hypotheses. Results support models of motivated reasoning that propose that information processing is altered in response to threatening information. By ameliorating the threat, self-affirmations can elicit less effective reasoning strategies.