Watermarking in H.264/AVC Compressed Domain Using CAVLC
Watermarking in H.264/AVC Compressed Domain Using CAVLC
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DOI：
10.4304/jcp.8.12.3126-3133
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发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Qian Li;Rangding Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qian Li;Rangding Wang
提出了一种基于H. 264/AVC视频标准的实时水印技术。该算法工作在压缩域，在基于上下文的自适应变长编码（CAVLC）过程中，将水印嵌入到I帧4×4块的量化DCT系数中。CAVLC算法具有较低的计算复杂度，是一种有效的算法。在水印提取过程中，不需要对整个视频进行解码，满足实时处理的要求，水印嵌入后码率变化很小，对视频质量的影响可以忽略不计。仿真结果表明，嵌入的水印是脆弱的，在攻击下容易失真，可用于视频认证或隐蔽通信应用。
A new real-time watermarking technique based on H.264/AVC video standard is proposed. The algorithm works in the compressed domain by embedding watermark bits into quantized DCT coefficients of 4×4 blocks of the I-frame during the Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) process. CAVLC offers a lower computational complexity which is efficient to the algorithm. During watermark extraction, the entire video do not need to be decoded,which meets the requirement of the real-time processing.The scheme yields tiny bit-rate change after watermarking and the degradation of video quality is negligible. The simulation results show that watermark embedded is fragile and is easily distorted under attacks, which can be used for the video authentication or covert communication applications.