Clinical Utility of EEG in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Research Update
Clinical Utility of EEG in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Research Update
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DOI：
10.1007/s13311-012-0131-z
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Makeig, Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loo, Sandra K.;Makeig, Scott
脑电图（EEG）是最早的人类大脑皮层活动成像方法，其在精神病学研究中的应用正吸引着越来越多的科学和临床兴趣。40多年来，EEG研究一直试图表征和量化注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的神经生理学，最一致的是将其与非ADHD对照组相比，在休息期间增加的额中央θ波带活动和增加的θ与β（θ/β）功率比相关联。最近的报告表明，虽然这些脑电图的措施表现出很强的判别效度ADHD，显着的脑电图异质性也存在于ADHD诊断的个人。特别是，额外的研究验证使用的θ/β功率比测量似乎需要之前，它可以用于临床诊断。近年来，关于基于EEG的神经反馈（NF）治疗ADHD的研究报告的数量和科学质量都有了相当大的增长，尽管这里回顾的研究还不支持NF训练作为一线，独立的治疗方式。特别是，需要更多的研究来比较NF与安慰剂对照和其他有效的ADHD治疗方法。目前，经过长时间的相对停滞，在EEG研究中使用的措施的神经生理学的特异性正在迅速增加。因此，使用更高密度记录和将EEG视为三维功能成像模式的新措施以及对现有EEG研究数据的深入重新分析的ADHD新EEG研究可能可以更好地表征ADHD和非ADHD受试者之间和内部的神经生理差异，并导致更精确的诊断措施和有效的NF方法。
Psychiatric research applications of electroencephalography (EEG), the earliest approach to imaging human cortical brain activity, are attracting increasing scientific and clinical interest. For more than 40 years, EEG research has attempted to characterize and quantify the neurophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), most consistently associating it with increased frontocentral theta band activity and increased theta to beta (theta/beta) power ratio during rest compared to non-ADHD controls. Recent reports suggest that while these EEG measures demonstrate strong discriminant validity for ADHD, significant EEG heterogeneity also exists across ADHD-diagnosed individuals. In particular, additional studies validating the use of the theta/beta power ratio measure appear to be needed before it can be used for clinical diagnosis. In recent years, the number and the scientific quality of research reports on EEG-based neurofeedback (NF) for ADHD have grown considerably, although the studies reviewed here do not yet support NF training as a first-line, stand-alone treatment modality. In particular, more research is needed comparing NF to placebo control and other effective treatments for ADHD. Currently, after a long period of relative stasis, the neurophysiological specificity of measures used in EEG research is rapidly increasing. It is likely, therefore, that new EEG studies of ADHD using higher density recordings and new measures drawn from viewing EEG as a 3-dimensional functional imaging modality, as well as intensive re-analyses of existing EEG study data, can better characterize the neurophysiological differences between and within ADHD and non-ADHD subjects, and lead to more precise diagnostic measures and effective NF approaches.