A developmental perspective on the neural bases of human empathy
A developmental perspective on the neural bases of human empathy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.11.006
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Jackson, Philip L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tousignant, Beatrice;Eugene, Fanny;Jackson, Philip L.
虽然共鸣在哲学和心理学文献中得到了广泛的研究，但社会神经科学的最新进展揭示了这种复杂的人际现象的神经关联。在这篇综述中，我们提供了研究人类共情的神经基础的脑成像研究的概述。基于现有的共情功能结构模型，我们回顾了每个主要组成部分的神经基础的证据，以及它们从婴儿期开始的发展。虽然情感分享和自我-他人区分的早期先兆似乎从出生就存在，但最近的发现也表明，即使是同理心的更高层次的组成部分，如视角选择和情绪调节，也显示出在婴儿期发展的迹象。因此，这种发展和社会神经科学文献的融合支持了这样一种观点，即共鸣的个体发展植根于婴儿早期，远远早于言语能力的出现。随着年龄的增长，自上而下机制的完善可能会培养出更合适的移情反应，从而促进更大的利他动机和亲社会行为。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
While empathy has been widely studied in philosophical and psychological literatures, recent advances in social neuroscience have shed light on the neural correlates of this complex interpersonal phenomenon. In this review, we provide an overview of brain imaging studies that have investigated the neural substrates of human empathy. Based on existing models of the functional architecture of empathy, we review evidence of the neural underpinnings of each main component, as well as their development from infancy. Although early precursors of affective sharing and self-other distinction appear to be present from birth, recent findings also suggest that even higher-order components of empathy such as perspective-taking and emotion regulation demonstrate signs of development during infancy. This merging of developmental and social neuroscience literature thus supports the view that ontogenic development of empathy is rooted in early infancy, well before the emergence of verbal abilities. With age, the refinement of top-down mechanisms may foster more appropriate empathic responses, thus promoting greater altruistic motivation and prosocial behaviors. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.