Is there a forest transition? Deforestation, reforestation, and development
Is there a forest transition? Deforestation, reforestation, and development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1549-0831.1998.tb00691.x
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Rudel, TK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudel, TK
环境社会学家最近开始使用“森林过渡”一词来描述森林覆盖率如何随着各国的经济发展而发生变化。假设的过渡如下所示。贫困社会最初的经济活动激增刺激了森林砍伐，但随着经济活动的持续加强和城市的扩大，情况发生了“转机”，森林砍伐让位于重新造林。本文使用连续五次世界森林资源调查的跨国数据来评估这一经验性论断。许多国家确实出现了森林覆盖趋势的转机。本文还评价了从微观经济学理论衍生出来的木材稀缺性假说和与中心地理论相联系的工业化假说两种对这种转变的解释。它为工业化假说找到了特定时期的支持。文章最后简要讨论了这些发现对通过重新造林计划缓解生物多样性危机的建议的影响。
Environmental social scientists have recently begun to use the term 'forest transition' to describe how forest cover changes as economic development occurs in nations. The hypothesized transition occurs as follows. An initial surge in economic activity in impoverished societies spurs deforestation, but as economic activity continues to intensify and cities grow larger, a 'turnaround' occurs, and deforestation gives way to reforestation. This paper uses cross-national data from five successive surveys of world forest resources to assess this empirical claim. A turnaround in forest cover trends does occur in a significant number of nations. The paper also evaluates two explanations for the turnaround, a wood scarcity hypothesis derived from microeconomic theory and an industrialization hypothesis linked to central place theory. It finds period specific support for the industrialization hypothesis. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of these findings for proposals to alleviate the biodiversity crisis through programs of reforestation.