Preserving genes, species, or ecosystems? Healing the fractured foundations of conservation policy
Preserving genes, species, or ecosystems? Healing the fractured foundations of conservation policy
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00798.x
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Bowen, BW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowen, BW
保护政策的科学基础是最近三方辩论的主题，系统学家主张系统发育排序的首要地位，生态学家主张在种群或生态系统层面进行保护，而进化生物学家则敦促更多地关注增强适应和生物多样性的因素。在保护遗传学领域，这种争论表现在分子系统学家、种群生物学家和进化（和数量）遗传学家的不同观点上。基于保护特定对象（基因、物种或生态系统）不是保护的最终目标这一前提，本文提出了对这些观点的解决方案。为了取得成功，保护工作必须保护生命的过程。这项任务需要识别和保护生命之树的不同分支（系统发育学），维持生物体的生命支持系统（生态学），以及生物体对不断变化的环境的持续适应（进化）。这些目标中的任何一个都不足以在时间长河中保存生命的脉络。从这个时间角度来看，分子遗传技术在所有三个保护议程中都有应用；DNA序列比较服务于系统发育目标，群体遗传标记服务于生态目标，数量遗传学和基因组探索服务于进化目标。
The scientific foundations of conservation policy are the subject of a recent tripolar debate, with systematists arguing for the primacy of phylogenetic rankings, ecologists arguing for protection at the level of populations or ecosystems, and evolutionary biologists urging more attention for the factors that enhance adaptation and biodiversity. In the field of conservation genetics, this controversy is manifested in the diverse viewpoints of molecular systematists, population biologists, and evolutionary (and quantitative) geneticists. A resolution of these viewpoints is proposed here, based on the premise that preserving particular objects (genes, species, or ecosystems) is not the ultimate goal of conservation. In order to be successful, conservation efforts must preserve the processes of life. This task requires the identification and protection of diverse branches in the tree of life (phylogenetics), the maintenance of life-support systems for organisms (ecology), and the continued adaptation of organisms to changing environments (evolution). None of these objectives alone is sufficient to preserve the threads of life across time. Under this temporal perspective, molecular genetic technologies have applications in all three conservation agendas; DNA sequence comparisons serve the phylogenetic goals, population genetic markers serve the ecological goals, quantitative genetics and genome explorations serve the evolutionary goals.