Sounding the Alarm: Sex Differences in Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations during Pavlovian Fear Conditioning and Extinction.
Sounding the Alarm: Sex Differences in Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations during Pavlovian Fear Conditioning and Extinction.
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DOI：
10.1523/eneuro.0382-22.2022
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发表时间：
2022-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Shansky, Rebecca M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laine, Mikaela A;Mitchell, Julia R;Shansky, Rebecca M
巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射是研究厌恶性学习的常用工具，而厌恶性学习是压力相关精神障碍的重要组成部分。成年大鼠可以表现出各种与威胁相关的行为，包括冻结，运动反应和超声发声（USV）。虽然这些反应都可能是厌恶的信号，但我们对它们之间的关系知之甚少。在这里，我们的特点USVs发出的男性和女性大鼠在线索恐惧收购和灭绝，并评估不同的威胁相关行为之间的关系。我们发现，男性比女性持续发出> 22 kHz的叫声（这里称为“报警叫声”），并且男性而不是女性的报警叫声频率与电击刺激的强度有关。有趣的是，25%的男性和45%的女性根本没有发出任何警报。男性，使报警电话有显着较高水平的冻结比男性谁没有，而没有差异，冻结之间观察到女性报警呼叫者和非报警呼叫者。警报呼叫发射也受到冲击的可预测性的影响，当不配对的音调提示，男性和女性开始发出警报呼叫显着晚。在灭绝学习和检索会议期间，男性再次比女性更有可能发出警报呼叫，随后出现类似警告的频率降低。总的来说，这些数据表明，行为读数与先天和条件性威胁反应的关系存在性别依赖性。重要的是，我们认为，同样的行为可以信号性别依赖的厌恶特征。
Pavlovian fear conditioning is a prevalent tool in the study of aversive learning, which is a key component of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Adult rats can exhibit various threat-related behaviors, including freezing, motor responses, and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). While these responses can all signal aversion, we know little about how they relate to one another. Here we characterize USVs emitted by male and female rats during cued fear acquisition and extinction, and assess the relationship between different threat-related behaviors. We found that males consistently emitted >22kHz calls (referred to here as "alarm calls") than females, and that alarm call frequency in males, but not females, related to the intensity of the shock stimulus. Interestingly, 25% of males and 45% of females did not emit any alarm calls at all. Males that did make alarm calls had significantly higher levels of freezing than males who did not, while no differences in freezing were observed between female Alarm callers and Non-alarm callers. Alarm call emission was also affected by the predictability of the shock; when unpaired from a tone cue, both males and females started emitting alarm calls significantly later. During extinction learning and retrieval sessions, males were again more likely than females to emit alarm calls, which followed an extinction-like reduction in frequency. Collectively these data suggest sex dependence in how behavioral readouts relate to innate and conditioned threat responses. Importantly, we suggest that the same behaviors can signal sex-dependent features of aversion.