Imprints of secondary heat sources on the stream temperature/equilibrium temperature relationship
Imprints of secondary heat sources on the stream temperature/equilibrium temperature relationship
复制标题
二次热源对水流温度/平衡温度关系的影响
DOI：
10.1029/2003wr002733
复制
发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
O. Mohseni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Travis Bogan;H. Stefan;O. Mohseni
已经开发了一个模型，该模型采用每周的河流温度和天气数据，并确定河道遮阳、挡风和次要（水文）热源对观测到的河流温度的潜在影响。这些效应的划分（参数化）是通过称为混洗复杂进化全局优化方法的经验优化程序来完成的。根据美国东部和中部 596 个河流测量站的数据，分析结果表明，平均而言，遮蔽效果强于遮挡效果，并且包含二次热量输入参数可改善河流温度的模拟。这些结果增加了我们对区域空间尺度上河流温度的年度和季节性控制的理解。通过提供美国东部和中部大量溪流的上述信息，我们了解了溪流遮阳和遮挡的典型值和范围，并了解到许多溪流河段的水文热输入不可忽视。我们对流的二次热量输入制定了更现实的预期。有了这些信息，我们就能更好地估计和评估土地利用变化或气候变化对溪流温度以及溪流栖息地的影响。
A model has been developed that takes weekly stream temperature and weather data and determines the potential effects of stream channel shading, wind sheltering, and secondary (hydrologic) sources of heat on the observed stream temperatures. The partitioning (parameterization) of these effects is done via an empirical optimization procedure known as the shuffled complex evolution global optimization method. On the basis of data from 596 stream gauging stations in the eastern and central United States, the results of this analysis indicate that, on average, the effect of shading is stronger than the effect of sheltering and that the inclusion of a parameter for secondary heat input improves the simulation of the stream temperatures. The results increase our understanding of annual and seasonal controls on stream temperature at a regional spatial scale. By providing the above information for a large number of streams in the eastern and central United States, we have learned about typical values and ranges of stream shading and sheltering and have learned that hydrologic heat inputs cannot be ignored for many stream reaches. We have developed more realistic expectations of secondary heat inputs to streams. With this information, we will be better prepared to estimate and appreciate the effects of land use changes or climate changes on stream temperatures and hence on stream habitats.