Cartilage immunoprivilege depends on donor source and lesion location.
Cartilage immunoprivilege depends on donor source and lesion location.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.025
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Athanasiou KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arzi B;DuRaine GD;Lee CA;Huey DJ;Borjesson DL;Murphy BG;Hu JCY;Baumgarth N;Athanasiou KA
修复受损软骨的能力是肌肉骨骼组织工程的主要目标。同种异体（同种，不同个体）或异种（异种）来源可以为软骨组织工程提供有吸引力的软骨细胞来源，因为自体（同一个体）细胞是稀缺的。非自体透明关节软骨的免疫排斥反应很少被认为是由于流行的概念“软骨免疫豁免”。本研究的目的是确定同种异体和异种工程化新软骨组织用于软骨修复的适用性。为了解决这个问题，将同基因（相同遗传背景）、同种异体和异种来源的无支架组织工程化关节软骨植入兔膝关节的两个不同位置（每组/位置n=3）。异种工程软骨和对照异种软骨外植体引起了深刻的先天性炎症和适应性细胞反应，无论移植位置。免疫细胞的细胞学定量显示，虽然同种异体新软骨在髌骨中引起免疫应答，但当植入到trophila中时观察到可忽略的应答;相反，应答与微囊化处理的空缺损对照相当。同种异体新软骨在trophila植入部位内存活，并证明移植物整合到下层骨中。总之，膝关节软骨并不代表一个免疫特权网站，强烈排斥异种，但不是同种异体软骨细胞的位置依赖性的方式。同种异体组织的这种位置依赖性存活的差异可能与邻近滑膜有关。
The ability to repair damaged cartilage is a major goal of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Allogeneic (same species, different individual) or xenogeneic (different species) sources can provide an attractive source of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering, since autologous (same individual) cells are scarce. Immune rejection of non-autologous hyaline articular cartilage has seldom been considered due to the popular notion of “cartilage immunoprivilege.” The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of allogeneic and xenogeneic engineered neocartilage tissue for cartilage repair. To address this, scaffold-free tissue engineered articular cartilage of syngeneic (same genetic background), allogeneic, and xenogeneic origin were implanted into two different locations of the rabbit knee (n=3 per group/location). Xenogeneic engineered cartilage and control xenogeneic chondral explants provoked profound innate inflammatory and adaptive cellular responses, regardless of transplant location. Cytological quantification of immune cells showed that, while allogeneic neocartilage elicited an immune response in the patella, negligible responses were observed when implanted into the trochlea; instead the responses were comparable to microfracture-treated empty defect controls. Allogeneic neocartilage survived within the trochlea implant site and demonstrated graft integration into the underlying bone. In conclusion, the knee joint cartilage does not represent an immune privileged site, strongly rejecting xenogeneic but not allogeneic chondrocytes in a location-dependent fashion. This difference in location-dependent survival of allogeneic tissue may be associated with proximity to the synovium.